Genetic Engineering in Livestock: Zoology's Role in Improving Animal Health, Productivity, and Sustainability in Agriculture
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Abstract
This review paper provides an overview of the advancements and applications of genetic engineering techniques in livestock, providing an in-depth look at how genetic engineering has improved animal health, productivity, and sustainability in agriculture. In the introduction, genetic engineering is presented as an important tool for improving animal health, productivity, and sustainability in agriculture. Several genetic engineering tools and methods are discussed in the paper, including transgenic technology and genome editing techniques such as CRISPR-Cas9. A special focus is placed on the application of genetic engineering to livestock, specifically disease resistance and control, improved productivity, and environmental sustainability. Additionally, the review discusses the role of genetic engineering in improving animal health by introducing disease-resistant genes and eliminating disease-causing genes. Genetically engineered vaccines and enhanced biosecurity measures are also discussed in detail as well. A further examination of how genetic engineering can enhance livestock productivity is also included in the review, including the introduction of growth-promoting genes and the manipulation of metabolic pathways. As part of the program, nutritional content and allergenicity can also be enhanced in milk and meat products. As well as highlighting the importance of genetic engineering in promoting sustainable agriculture, the review also discusses how genetic engineering can reduce environmental impacts on agriculture. It is intended to reduce methane emissions and nitrogen and phosphorus waste, as well as optimize resources and land use through improved feed conversion efficiency and disease resistance in order to reduce the need for antibiotics. In this article, ethical and regulatory issues are discussed, including ethical concerns, current regulations, and guidelines for genetic engineering in livestock. At the conclusion of the review, future directions and challenges are discussed, emphasizing the need for continued research and responsible implementation in order to improve animal health, productivity, and sustainability in agriculture.
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