Unlocking The Potential Of Phytochemicals In Anti-Diabetic Therapy: Mechanisms, Challenges, And Future Prospects
Main Article Content
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a complex metabolic disorder, continues to pose a significant global health challenge. Conventional approaches to diabetes management primarily focus on pharmacological interventions, often accompanied by adverse effects and limited long-term efficacy. In recent years, the exploration of natural compounds, particularly phytochemicals derived from plants, has garnered increasing attention for their potential role in diabetes management. This comprehensive review synthesizes the current understanding of the role of phytochemicals in anti-diabetic therapy. Phytochemicals, bioactive compounds abundant in various plant sources, exhibit diverse biological activities that can impact key mechanisms underlying diabetes. They interact with cellular pathways involved in glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and oxidative stress, thereby offering potential therapeutic benefits. We delve into the intricate molecular mechanisms through which phytochemicals exert their anti-diabetic effects. Flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, and other classes of phytochemicals are discussed in terms of their ability to modulate glucose uptake, enhance insulin signaling, and mitigate inflammation. Moreover, their antioxidant properties are explored in relation to ameliorating oxidative stress-associated complications observed in diabetes. The review also highlights the challenges associated with translating phytochemical research into practical anti-diabetic interventions. Bioavailability, dose determination, and standardized formulations emerge as critical considerations for clinical application. Furthermore, we underscore the significance of interdisciplinary collaborations between pharmacologists, clinicians, and botanists to bridge the gap between traditional knowledge and modern evidence-based medicine.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Bonnefond, A., Unnikrishnan, R., Doria, A., Vaxillaire, M., Kulkarni, R. N., Mohan, V., Trischitta, V., &Froguel, P. (2023). Monogenic diabetes. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 9(1), 12.
Christ-Crain, M., Bichet, D. G., Fenske, W. K., Goldman, M. B., Rittig, S., Verbalis, J. G., &Verkman, A. S. (2019). Diabetes insipidus. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 5(1), 54.
Dalfrà, M. G., Burlina, S., Del Vescovo, G. G., &Lapolla, A. (2020). Genetics and Epigenetics: New Insight on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Frontiers in endocrinology, 11, 602477.
Das A. K. (2015). Type 1 diabetes in India: Overall insights. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism, 19(Suppl 1), S31–S33.
Firdous S. M. (2014). Phytochemicals for treatment of diabetes. EXCLI journal, 13, 451–453.
Galicia-Garcia, U., Benito-Vicente, A., Jebari, S., Larrea-Sebal, A., Siddiqi, H., Uribe, K. B., Ostolaza, H., & Martín, C. (2020). Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International journal of molecular sciences, 21(17), 6275.
Hui C, Khan M, Khan Suheb MZ, et al. Diabetes Insipidus. [Updated 2023 Jun 1]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-.
Katsarou, A., Gudbjörnsdottir, S., Rawshani, A., Dabelea, D., Bonifacio, E., Anderson, B. J., Jacobsen, L. M., Schatz, D. A., &Lernmark, Å. (2017). Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nature reviews. Disease primers, 3, 17016.
Khan, M. A. B., Hashim, M. J., King, J. K., Govender, R. D., Mustafa, H., & Al Kaabi, J. (2020). Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes - Global Burden of Disease and Forecasted Trends. Journal of epidemiology and global health, 10(1), 107–111.
Kwon, C., Ediriweera, M. K., & Kim Cho, S. (2023). Interplay between Phytochemicals and the Colonic Microbiota. Nutrients, 15(8), 1989.
Lakshmanan, N. K., Pavithran, P. V., Bhavani, N., Abraham, N., Kumar, H., Nair, V., Menon, U., Menon, A. S., Narayanan, P., & Lakshmi, G. (2021). Monogenic diabetes: A single center experience from South India. Pediatric diabetes, 22(1), 75–81.
Lebovitz H. E. (2001). Diagnosis, classification, and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 62 Suppl 27, 5–41.
Li, L. J., Huang, L., Tobias, D. K., & Zhang, C. (2022). Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Among Asians - A Systematic Review From a Population Health Perspective. Frontiers in endocrinology, 13, 840331.
Mithal, A., Bansal, B., &Kalra, S. (2015). Gestational diabetes in India: Science and society. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism, 19(6), 701–704.
Mobasseri, M., Shirmohammadi, M., Amiri, T., Vahed, N., HosseiniFard, H., &Ghojazadeh, M. (2020). Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health promotion perspectives, 10(2), 98–115.
Plows, J. F., Stanley, J. L., Baker, P. N., Reynolds, C. M., & Vickers, M. H. (2018). The Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. International journal of molecular sciences, 19(11), 3342.
Pradeepa, R., & Mohan, V. (2021). Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes in India. Indian journal of ophthalmology, 69(11), 2932–2938.
Rodrigues Oliveira, S. M., Rebocho, A., Ahmadpour, E., Nissapatorn, V., & de Lourdes Pereira, M. (2023). Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Review on Advances and Challenges in Creating Insulin Producing Devices. Micromachines, 14(1), 151.
Sapra A, Bhandari P. Diabetes. [Updated 2023 May 29]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing;
Shen, J., Shan, J., Zhong, L., Liang, B., Zhang, D., Li, M., & Tang, H. (2022). Dietary Phytochemicals that Can Extend Longevity by Regulation of Metabolism. Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 77(1), 12–19.
Steck, A. K., &Rewers, M. J. (2011). Genetics of type 1 diabetes. Clinical chemistry, 57(2), 176–185.
Switi B. Gaikwad*, G. Krishna Mohan and M. Sandhya Rani, Phytochemicals for Diabetes Management, Pharmaceutical Crops, 2014, 5, (Suppl 1: M2) 11-28.