Exploring the Antibacterial Potency of Citrus Fruit Peel Extracts Using Various Solvents

Abstract

The study evaluates the inhibitory effect of different solvent-extracted citrus peel extracts (Citrus lemon, Citrus sinensis, Citrus maxima, Citrus reticulata and Citrus aurantiifolia) on the growth of various bacterial strains (Klebsiella. pneumonia, Staphylococcus. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli). Citrus lemon extract demonstrated the most significant inhibition with methanol and acetone showing the highest zones of inhibition. Citrus sinensis extract showed antibacterial activity, with the choice of solvent influencing the effectiveness. Methanol and acetone generally performed well.  Citrus maxima extract demonstrated antibacterial activity, with methanol and butanol being effective solvents. Citrus reticulata extract's effectiveness varied depending on the solvent and bacterial strain tested. Ethanol and butanol were more effective solvents for inhibiting the growth of some bacteria, while acetone and methanol showed limited effectiveness. The Citrus aurentiifolia peel extract exhibited varying degrees of antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria. The effectiveness of the extract depended on the solvent used and the type of bacteria. For some bacteria, such as E. coli and S. aureus, the extract showed significant inhibitory effects, particularly when using Ethanol as the solvent. Further research and optimization may be necessary to enhance the antibacterial properties of Citrus aurentiifolia peel extract.