Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Potential of Citrus reticulata Collected in the Thanjavur District, South India
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the phytochemical and the antioxidant activities of fruits, peels and leaves extracts of Citrus reticulata. The total alkaloids, saponin, phenolic acid and flavonoids were determined spectrophotometrically while antioxidant potentials were evaluated with 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) protocols. The fruit extract shows the highest phenolic acid content of 33.94 mg/GAE/g. Flavonoids content was highest in the peels extract 14.30 mg/QE/g. All the extracts showed significant antioxidant activities H2O2, DPPH along a concentration gradient. Antioxidant capacity is also high in the test plant suggesting its biomedicinal value to human health.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
L.Nebeling.Phytochemicals in Nutrition and Health.Volume 103. CRC Press; Boca Raton, FL, USA: (2003)p. 786. Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
N.M’hiri,I.Ioannou,M.Ghoul,N.M.Boudhrioua. Phytochemical characteristics of citrus peel and effect of conventional and nonconventional processing on phenolic compounds: A review.Food Reviews Int.6 (2016)587–619.
J.Z.He,P.Shao,J.H.Liu,Q.M.Ru.Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Flavonoids from Pomelo (Citrus grandis(L.) Osbeck) Peel and Their Antioxidant Activity.Int. J. Mol. Sci.13 (2012) pp.13065–13078.
X.Y.Zhu,F.L.Luo,Y.X.Zheng,J.K.Zhang,J.Z.Huang,C.D.Sun,X.Li,K.S.Chen. Characterization, Purification of Poncirin from Edible Citrus Ougan (Citrus reticulatecv. Suavissima) and Its GrowthInhibitory Effect on Human Gastric Cancer CellsSGC-7901.Int. J. Mol. Sci.14 (2013) pp.8684–8697.
J.Silalahi. Anticancer and health protective properties of citrus fruit components.Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr.11 (2002)pp.79–84.
Y.S.Huang,S.C.Ho. Polymethoxy flavones are responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of citrus fruit peel.Food Chem.119 (2010)pp.868–873.
V.M.Nakajima,G.A.Macedo,J.A.Macedo. Citrus bioactive phenolics: Role in the obesity treatment.LWT Food Sci. Technol.59 (2014) pp.1205–1212.
J.I.A.Campbell,A.Mortensen,P.Molgaard. Tissue lipid lowering-effect of a traditional Nigerian anti- diabetic infusion of Rauwolfia vomitoria foilage andCitrus aurantiumfruit.J. Ethnopharmacol.104 (2006) pp.379–386.
A.Garg,S.Garg,L.J.D.Zaneveld,A.K.Singla.Chemistry and pharmacology of the Citrus bioflavonoid hesperidin.Phytother. Res.15(2001) pp.655–669.
E.Tripoli,M.La Guardia,S.Giammanco,D.Di Majo,M.Giammanco.Citrus flavonoids: Molecular structure,biological activity and nutritional properties: A review.Food Chem.104 (2007)466–479.
O.Benavente-Garcia,J.Castillo.Update on uses and properties of Citrus flavonoids: New findings in anticancer, cardiovascular, and anti-inflammatory activity.J. Agric. Food Chem.56 (2008) pp.6185–6205.
R.W.Scora.On the history and origin of Citrus.Bull. Torrey Bot. Club.102 (1975), pp.369–375.
S.Chandra Mohan,S.Dinakar,T.Anand.Phytochemical, GC-MS analysis and Antibacterial activity of a Medicinal PlantAcalypha indica.Int.J.Pharm.Technol.Res.4 (2012)pp.1050-1054.
A.Sofowara. Medicinal plants and Traditional medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books Ltd; Ibadan,Nigeria. (1993) pp.191-289.
K.R.Brain,T.D.Turner. The Practical Evaluation of Phyto-pharmaceuticals. Bristol,1st Edition: Wright- Scientechnica.(1975), pp.10-30.
V.L.Singleton,J.A.Rossi. Colorimetry of Total Phenolics with Phosophmolybdic-Phosphotungstic acid reagents.Am.J.Enol.Vitic.16 (1965) pp.144–158.
N.Loganayaki,P.Siddhuraju,S.Manian. Antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capacity of phenolic extracts from Helicteres isora L. and Ceiba pentandra L. J.food Sci.Technol.50 (2013) pp.687–95.
A.Kumaran,R.J.Karunakaran.In vitro antioxidant activities ofmethanol extracts of five Phyllanthus species from India.LWT Food Sci. Technol.40 (2007), pp.344–352.
D.Villano,M.S.Fernandez-Pachon,M.L.Moya,A.M.Troncoso,M.C.Garcia-Parrilla.Radical scavenging ability of polyphenolic compoundstowards DPPH free radical.Talanta.71 (2007), pp.230–235.
Y.Wang ,J.Qian ,J.Cao,D.Wang,C.Liu,R.Yang,X.Li,C.Sun. Antioxidant Capacity, Anticancer Ability and Flavonoids Composition of 35 Citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco) Varieties. Molecules.22 (2017), pp.1114.
M.Mohamed,J.Raoua,K.Walid,C.Yassine,F.Hamadi.Citrus Limonfrom Tunisia: phytochemical and physicochemical properties and biological activities.BioMedRes. Int.,2018(2018), pp.1-10
N.F.Santos-Sanchez,R.Salas-Coronado,CVillanueva-Canongo,B.B Hernandez-Carlos.Chapter: Antioxidant compounds and their antioxidant mechanisms.Intech Open(2019), pp.1-29
M.N.Alam,N.J.Bristi,M.Rafiquzzaman.Review onin vivoandin vitromethods for evaluation of antioxidant activity.Saudi Pharm. J.,21(2013), pp.143-152
V.L.Kinnula,J.D.Crapo.Superoxide dismutases in malignant cells and human tumours.Free Radic. Biol.Med,36(2004), pp.718-744
T.Senoner,W.Dictl.Oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases: Still a therapeutic targets? Nutrients,11(2019), pp.1-25
K.Sas,H.Robotka,J.Toldi,L.Vecsei.Mitochondria, metabolic disturbances, oxidative stress and the kynurenine system with focus on neurodegenerative disorders.J. Neurol. Sci.,257(2007), pp.221-239
J.L.Bolton,M.A.Trush,T.M.Penning,G.Dryhurst,T.J.Monks.Role of quinones in toxicology.Chem. Res. Toxicol.,13(2000), pp.135-160
G.E.Arteel.Oxidants andantioxidants in alcohol-induced liver diseases.Gastroenterology,124(2003), pp.778-790
B.S.Ramakrishna,R.Varghese,S.Jayakumar,M.Mathan,K.A.Balasubramanian.Circulating antioxidants in ulcerative colitis and their relationship todisease severity and activity.J. Gastroenterol.Hepatol.,12(1997), pp.490-494
D.H.Hyun,J.O.Hernandez,P.Mattson,R.De-Cabo.The plasma membrane redox system in aging. Aging Res. Rev.,5(2006), pp.209-220
R.Murugan,T.Parimelazhagan.Comparative evaluation of different extraction methods for antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory properties fromOsbeckia parvifoliaArn.–Anin vitroapproach.J. King SaudUniv. Sci.,26(2014), pp.267-275
W.Zheng,SY.Wang.Antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in selected herbs.J. Agric. Food
Chem.,49(2001), pp.5165-5170
A.A.Adebayo,F.O.Jimoh,S.Kadiru,A.J.Afolayan,P.J.Masika.Antibacterial and antioxidant
properties of the methanol extracts of the leaves and stems ofCalpurnia aureaBMC Complement. Altern.Med.,8(2008), pp.1-9
S.Mohammed,M.Suresh.Antifungal efficacy and mechanism of flavonoids.Antibiotics(Basel, Switzerland),9(2020), pp.1-58
O.Ehigbai,S.Ehimwenma,P.E.Omoregie,K.Oriehhi.Phytochemical, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of differentCitrusjuice concentrates.Food Sci. Nutr.,4(2016), pp.103-109
A.S. Oliveira, R. Ribeiro-Santos, F. Ramos, M. Conceicao, A. Sanches-Silva. UHPLC-DAD multimethod for determination of phenolic in aromatic plants. Food Anal. Methods, 11 (2018), pp. 440-450
M. Kozlowska, A.E. Laudy, P. Przybyl, M. Ziarno, E. Majewska. Chemical Composition and antibacterial activity of some medicinal plants from Lamiaceae family. Acta Pol. Pharm., 72 (2015), pp. 757-767