K+ Ions Crosslinked Kappa-Carrageenan/Methylene Blue Composite Film. Part-1: Synthesis, Characterization and Application as Controlled Release Device for Photodynamic Therapy Application
Main Article Content
Abstract
K+ ions crosslinked (KC/MB) Methylene blue photosensitizer loaded composite film is prepared for photodynamic therapy (PDT) application as Photosensitizer released by composite film can conveniently be controlled by using different quantities of K+ ions and this application is based on dynamic interaction between light with suitable wavelength, photosensitizer and molecular oxygen, promoting the death of the target tissue or bacterial cells. In this work, the Methylene Blue (MB) loaded Carrageenan polymeric film was prepared by the method of direct addition of MB into pre-polymerization solution of Carrageenan (KC). This composite film and plain KC film were characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis. The characteristic peaks of MB photosensitizer were obtained in FTIR spectrum of composite film. The composite film KC/MB shows prominence of amorphous nature may be due to MB is present in very small quantity. The SEM analysis reveals that the composite film (KC/MB) having much more smooth surface texture throughout the film. Finally, the result of effect of variation in degree of crosslinking on amount of MB release is, as the amount of K+ ions used to crosslink the film increases, MB release decreases.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Misba, L., Zaidi, S., Khan A. U. 2018. Efficacy of photodynamic therapy against Streptococcus mutans biofilm: Role of singlet oxygen. J Photochem Photobiol B., 183: 16-21. doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.04.024.
Percival, S. L., Emanuel, C., Cutting, K. F., Williams, D. W. 2012. Microbiology of the skin and the role of biofilms in infection. Int. Wound J., 9(1): 14-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-481X.2011.00836.x.
Dougherty, T. J., Gomer, C. J., Henderson, B. W., Jori, G., Kessel, D., Korbelik, M. et al.1998. Photodynamic therapy. J. Natl Cancer Inst., 90(12): 889-905. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/90.12.889.
Dolmans, D. E., Fukumura, D. Jain, R. K. 2003. Photodynamic therapy for cancer. Nat. Rev Cancer, 3(5): 380-387. DOI: 10.1038/nrc1071.
De Rosa, F. S., Bentley, M. V. 2000. Light-sensitive lipid-based nanoparticles for drug delivery. Pharm Res.,27(7), 364-381. doi.org/10.3109/09687688.2010.507788.
Moan, J., Berg, K. 1991. Photochem Photobiol., The photodegradation of porphyrins in cells can be used to estimate the lifetime of singlet oxygen. 53(4): 549-553. doi: 10.1039/c6tb03367a.
Dougherty, T. J., Grindey, G. B., Fiel, R., Weishaupt, K. R., Boyle, D. G. 1975. Photoradiation therapy II. Cure of animal tumour with hematoporphyrin and light. J Nat. Cancer Inst., 55(1): 115-121. doi: 10.1039/c6tb03367a
Unsgaard, B., and O'Toole, C. 1975. The influence of tumour burden and therapy on cellular cytotoxicity responses in patients with ocular and skin melanoma. Br J Cancer, 31(3): 301–316. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1975.
Chin, L., Tam, A., Pomerantz, J., Wong, M., Holash, J., Bardeesy, N. et al. 1999. Essential role for oncogenic Ras in tumour maintenance. Nature, 400(6743): 468-472. doi: 10.1039/c6tb03367a.
Felsher, D. W., Bishop, J. M. 1999. Reversible tumorigenesis by MYC in hematopoietic lineages. Mol. Cell, 4(2): 199-207. doi: 10.1039/c6tb03367a.
Jain, M., Arvanitis, C., Chu, K., Dewey, W., Leonhardt, E., Trinh, M., et al. 2002. Sustained loss of a neoplastic phenotype by brief inactivation of MYC. Science, 297(5578): 102-104. doi: 10.1039/c6tb03367a.
Boccalini, G., Conti, L., Montis, C., Bani, D., Bencini, A., Berti, D., Giorgi, C., Mengoni, A. 2017. Methylene blue-containing liposomes as new photodynamic anti-bacterial agents. J. Mater Chem B., 5(15): 2788-2797. doi: 10.1039/c6tb03367a.
Rosenau T., and Potthast, A. 2015. Overview of Methods for the Direct Molar Mass Determination of Cellulose. Molecule, 20(6): 10313-10341. doi.org/10.3390/molecules200610313
Tian, Y., Kuzimenkova, M. V., Halle, J., Wojdyr, M., et al. 2015. Molecular Weight Determination by Counting Molecules. J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 6(6): 923-927. doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b00296
Selvaraj, V., Mahboub, H, Ganapathi, U., Chandran, S. 2022. Enhanced photodegradation of methylene blue from aqueous solution using Al-doped ZnS nanoparticles. Environ Sci Pollut. Res Int., 29(48): 73528-73541.doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15605
Liew, J. W. Y., Loh, K. S., Ahmad, A., Lim, K. L., Wan Daud, W. R. 2017. Synthesis and characterization of modified κ-carrageenan for enhanced proton conductivity as polymer electrolyte membrane. PLoS ONE, 12(9): 0185313. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185313
Ainane, T., Khammour, F., Talbi, M. 2014. A Novel Bio-adsorbent of Mint Waste for Dyes Remediation in Aqueous Environments: Study and Modelling of Isotherms for Removal of Methylene Blue. Oriental journal of chemistry., 30(3): 1183-1189. doi:10.13005/ojc/300332
Sangeetha, P., Selvakumari, T.M., Selvasekarapandian, S., et al. 2020. Preparation and characterization of biopolymer K-carrageenan with MgCl2 and its application to electrochemical devices. Ionics, 26(5): 233-244. doi.org/10.1007/s11581-019-03193-0
Joshi, J. H., Kalainathan, S., Kanchan, D. K., Chaudhari, K., Joshi, M. J., Parikh, K. D. 2023. Crystal growth, structural, optical, photoluminescence, electrical and third-order nonlinear optical studies of pure and methylene blue dye-doped ammonium dihydrogen phosphate crystals. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics., 34(1), doi:10.1007/s10854-022-09447-4
Cesco, C., Valente, A.S., Paulino, A. 2021. Methylene Blue Release from Chitosan/Pectin and Chitosan/DNA Blend Hydrogels. Pharmaceutic., 13(6): 842. doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13060842