Comparative Study Of Phyllanthus Niruri, Sphaeranthus Indicus And Tridax Procumbens With Respect To Qualitative & Quantitative Estimation Of Phytochemicals

Abstract

The creation of new therapeutics and the promotion of health are the main goals of current phytochemical research. Thus, this study compares three different plant & their parts with chloroform & ethyl acetate solvent for qualitative & quantitative determination of phytochemicals. Phyllanthus niruri (Root and aerial part), Sphaeranthus indicus (Root and Stem) and Tridax procumbens (Root and Flower) were utilized for the study. Plant material was then exposed to extraction specifically by chloroform & ethyl acetate. The phytochemical test & total flavonoid content by AlCl3 method was then determined. Results showed that Sphaeranthus indicus (Stem) extract suggested the presence of carbohydrate, flavonoid, protein & diterpene. For ethyl acetate extract almost similar results were obtained with addition of alkaloid.  The root extract of Sphaeranthus indicus showed the presence of carbohydrate & alkaloid only. The chloroform extract of the same was completely devoid of any phytochemical.  In Tridax procumbens (Flower) extract the chloroform extract noticed to have chloroform, flavonoid, proteins, diterpenes. The ethyl acetate extract of the same contain additionally sterol & tannin along with previously reported phytochemicals.  Total flavonoid content was found to be 2.72 mg/100mg in Aerial part of Phyllanthus niruri. For the stem part of Sphaeranthus indicus total flavonoids content in chloroform & ethyl acetate extract were found to be 1.30 mg/100mg & 2.87 mg/100mg respectively. From the above obtained results, it can by hypothesized that comparatively grater amount of phytoconstituents are present in aerial part of plants as compared to root. Also, it can be seen that in each & every case, the ethyl acetate extract yielded more amount of phytoconstituents as compared to chloroform. The fact that the aerial parts of plants in the current study contained the greatest concentration of phytochemicals suggests that plant extracts may have pharmacological effects so further research should be done to test its safety & efficacy.