Phyto-Pharmacological Effects of Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Depression
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Abstract
Background: Depression is a serious mental illness that has a significant impact on suicidal thoughts. It is ranked as the fourth most significant mental disability globally. Current research is concentrating on increasing the effectiveness of conventional treatments due to highly undesirable effects. Natural goods, herbal plants, and phytochemicals offer a wide range of study opportunities for antidepressant treatments.
Objective: The present study aim at the review of various photo-Pharmacological effects of medicinal plants for the treatment of depression in a traditional approach
Methods: The methodology includes a thorough search of every electronic source to gather all information on herbal plants, pharmacological effects, and antidepressant mechanisms of phytochemicals from the year 2000 to 2023.
Results: Different plant metabolites were shown to have powerful antidepressant effects, including polyphenols (phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, and coumarins), alkaloids, terpenes and terpenoids, saponins and sapogenins. Major group of phytochemicals crucial in evaluating antidepressant effectiveness includes piperine, diterpene alkaloids, berberine, hyperforin, riparin derivatives, ginsenosides, and -carboline alkaloids. A great inhibitor of monoamine oxidase enzymes, an elevation in brain 5-HT and BDNF (Brain-Derived Nicotinic Factor) levels and modulatory effects on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis were all demonstrated by piperine. Numerous studies have demonstrated berberine's serotonergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic effects, demonstrating the importance of phytochemicals from various sources in the treatment of depression.
Conclusion: All of the medicinal plants listed in this study's thorough review indicated the ability to cure depression using various traditional methods and a variety of processes. In order to discover potential natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic antidepressants with fewer side effects, the structure-activity relationship of extremely effective antidepressant phytochemicals was evaluated. For verification of natural antidepressant effectiveness and fulfilment of their safety profile, more clinical investigations are also required.
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