Unlocking The Potential Of Hemoglobin Enhancement Agents: A Comprehensive Review
Main Article Content
Abstract
Hemoglobin is an important protein found in red blood cells and is responsible for the two-way respiratory carrier, transporting oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and facilitating the return transport of carbon dioxide in the body. The development of hemoglobin enhancers is an area of medical research interest aimed at improving oxygen delivery and potentially treating various health conditions. This review aims to explore the role of hemoglobin activators, their mechanism of action, current applications, and potential benefits. Mostly beetroot, dates and findla are mainly consumed as food additives for hemoglobin. And to help increase hemoglobin
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
F.B Jensen, Angel fago, Roy E. Weber; Hemoglobin structure and Function. Fish Respiration;1998;17: 1-40.
Riggs, A., Properties of fish hemoglobins. In "Fish Physiology," Hoar, W. S., and Randall, D. J., eds.1970; 4 : 209-252.
Lankna Panawala; What is the Function of Hemoglobin in the Human Body; researchgate.2017; 1-7.
Mostafa H. Ahmed, Mohini S. Ghatge, Martin K. Safo; Hemoglobin: Structure, Function and Allostery. Subcell Biochem.2020 ; 94; 345–382.
Perutz MF, Stereochemical mechanism of cooperative effects in haemoglobin. Biochimie.1972; 54:587–588.
Perutz MF, Wilkinson AJ, Paoli M, Dodson GG, The stereochemical mechanism of the cooperative effects in hemoglobin revisited. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct. 1998; 27; 1–34.
Safo MK, Ahmed MH, Ghatge MS, Boyiri T. Hemoglobin-ligand binding: understanding Hb function and allostery on atomic level. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011;797–809.
Charles Patrick Davis; Hemoglobin: Normal, High, Low Levels, Age & Gender; Medscape.2022; 526-531.
Alain J. Marengo-Rowe; Structure-function relations of human hemoglobins; Bayl Univ Med Cent. 2006;19: 239–245.
Winslow RM, Charache S. Hemoglobin Richmond. Subunit dissociation and oxygen equilibrium properties. J Biol Chem. 1975; 250; 6939–6942.
Baldwin J, Chothia C.;Haemoglobin: The structural changes related to ligand binding and its allosteric mechanism. J Mol Biol.1979; 129:175–220.
Pagel PS, Hettrick DA, Montgomery MW et al. (1998) RSR13, a synthetic allosteric modifier of hemoglobin, enhances recovery of stunned myocardium in dogs. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1998; 454:527–531.
Dlim, MM, SG Alsabri, SS Mohamed, AE Zetrini and SB Mohamed. Use of Beta vulgaris as natural coloring agent for foods and cosmetics in Libya. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research.2013; 5(11): 340-345.
Rajmeet Singh, Jaswinder Kaur, Gurinder Singh; A REVIEW ON BETA VULGARIS. JOURNAL PUNJAB ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 2022; 22(1); 34-40.
Sharma, N, BS Tanwer, and R Vijayvergia. Study of medicinal plants in Aravali regions of Rajasthan for treatment of kidney stone and urinary tract troubles. International Journal of PharmTech Research 2011; 3(1):110–113.
Ninfali, P.; Angelino, D. Nutritional and functional potential of Beta vulgaris cicla and rubra. Fitoterapia 2013; 89: 188–199.
Tom Clifford,Glyn Howatson,Daniel J. West and Emma J. Stevenson; The Potential Benefits of Red Beetroot Supplementation in Health and Disease; Open access nutriens 2015; 7: 2801-2822.
Georgiev, V.G.; Weber, J.; Kneschke, E.M.; Denev, P.N.; Bley, T.; Pavlov, A.I. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of betalain extracts from intact plants and hairy root cultures of the red beetroot Beta vulgaris cv. Detroit dark red. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 2010; 65: 105–111.
Zielińska-Przyjemska, M.; Olejnik, A.; Dobrowolska-Zachwieja, A.; Grajek, W. In vitro effects of beetroot juice and chips on oxidative metabolism and apoptosis in neutrophils from obese individuals. Phytophera Res. 2009: 23: 49–55.
Christine Mikstas; Health Benefits of Beetroot;2022. Beetroot: Health Benefits, Nutrients, Preparation, and More (webmd.com)
Kujala, T.S.; Vienola, M.S.; Klika, K.D.; Loponen, J.M.; Pihlaja, K. Betalain and phenolic compositions of four beetroot (Beta vulgaris) cultivars. Eur. Food. Res. Technol. 2002, 214, 505–510.
Wootton-Beard, P.C.; Ryan, L. A beetroot juice shot is a significant and convenient source of bioaccessible antioxidants. J. Funct. Foods 2011, 3, 329–334.
Lee, C.H.; Wettasinghe, M.; Bolling, B.W.; Ji, L.L.; Parkin, K.L. Betalains, phase II enzyme-inducing components from red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extracts. Nutr. Cancer 2005, 53, 91–103.
Vulic, J.J.; Cebovic, T.N.; Canadanovic-Brunet, J.M.; Cetkovic, G.S.; Canadanovic, V.M.; Djilas, S.M.; Tumbas Saponjac, V.T. In vivo and in vitro antioxidant effects of beetroot pomace extracts. J. Funct. Foods. 2014, 6, 168–175.
Zhao G, He F, Wu C, Li P, Li N, Deng J, Zhu G, Ren W, Peng Y. Betaine in inflammation: Mechanistic aspects and applications. Front Immunol. 2018 ;9 :1070.
Cassidy A, Mukamal KJ, Liu L, Franz M, Eliassen AH, Rimm EB. High anthocyanin intake is associated with a reduced risk of myocardial infarction in young and middle-aged women. Circulation. 2013;127(2):188–96.
Szaefer, H., Krajka-Kuźniak, V., Ignatowicz, E., Adamska, T., Baer-Dubowska, W; Evaluation of the effect of beetroot juice on DMBA-induced damage in liver and mammary gland of female Sprague–Dawley rats. Phytother. Res.2014; 28, 55–61.
Georgiev VG, Weber J, Kneschke E-M, Denev PN, Bley T, Pavlov AI. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of Betalain extracts from intact plants and hairy root cultures of the red beetroot Beta vulgaris cv. Detroit dark red. Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2010;65(2):105–11.
Lundberg, J.O.; Weitzberg, E.; Gladwin, M.T. The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics. Nat. Rev. 2008, 7, 156–167.
Kapur, A.N., Sati, S.A., Ranjan, A.S., Gupta, P.R; Screening methanolic extracts of beta vulgaris roots for photoprotective activity. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2012; 4, 124–127.
CB, JM, SS, GS and VJJ; Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of beet root extracts. Czech J. Food Science.2011; 29: 575– 585.
Marjan Nikan and azadeh Manayi ; Beta Vulgaris L. Medical Plant Research Center ; 2019;153-157.
Jain, SGV and PK Sharma. Anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Beta vulgaris L. Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy. 2011; 2: 83–86.
Hobbs, D.A., George, T.W., Lovegrove, J.A.; The effects of dietary nitrate on blood pressure and endothelial function: a review of human intervention studies. Nutr. Res. Rev.2013a; 26, 210–222.
Jajja, A., Sutyarjoko, A., Lara, J., Rennie, K., Brandt, K., Qadir, O., Siervo, M; Beetroot supplementation lowers daily systolic blood pressure in older, overweight subjects. Nutr. Res.2014; 34, 868–875.
Wylie, L.J., Kelly, J., Bailey, S.J., Blackwell, J.R., Skiba, P.F., Winyard, P.G., Jeukendrup, A.E., Vanhatalo, A. and Jones, A.M.; Beetroot Juice and Exercise: Pharmacodynamic and Dose-Response Relationships. Journal of Applied Physiology.2013; 115, 325-336.
W ghori , N Saba , M Jawaid and M Asim ; A review on date Palm(Phoenix dactylifera) fibers and its Polymer Composites. Open Access; 2018; 1-17.
Al-Farsi, M. and Lee, C.Y.; Nutritional and functional properties of dates: A review. Critical Review in Food Science and Nutrition. 2008; 48: 877–884.
Al-Shahib, W. and Mvarshall, R.J.; The fruit of date palm: its possible uses as best food for the future. International Journal of Foods Science and Nutrition.;2003;354:247–259.
Khan, M., Sarwar, A., Wahab, M., and Haleem, R.; Physio-chemical characterization of date varieties using multivariate analysis. Journal of Food Agriculture.;2008; 88: 1051–1059.
Ahmed I.A., Ahmed A.W.K., Robinson R.K.; Chemical composition of date varieties as influenced by the stage of ripening. Food Chem.;1995; 54, 305–309.
Martín-Sánchez, A. M., Cherif, S., Ben-Abda, J., Barber-Vallés, X., PérezÁlvarez, J. Á., and Sayas-Barberá, E.; Phytochemicals in date co-products and their antioxidant activity. Food Chem.;2014; 158, 513–520.
El-Far, A. H., Oyinloye, B. E., Sepehrimanesh, M., Allah, M. A. G., Abu-Reidah, I., Shaheen, H. M., et al.; Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera): Novel findings and future directions for food and drug discovery. Current Drug Discovery Technologies;2019; 16 (1), 2–10.
Julia, V., Macia, L., and Dombrowicz, D.; The impact of diet on asthma and allergic diseases. Nat. Rev. Immunol.;2015; 15, 308–322.
Amanat Ali, Mostafa Waly, M. Mohamed Essa, and Sankar Devaraja; Nutritional and Medicinal Value of Date Fruit; researchgate; 2012;361-375.
Benmeddour, Z., Mehinagic, E., Le Meurlay, D., and Louaileche, H.; Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacities of ten Algerian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars: a comparative study. J. Funct. Food ; 2013; 346–354.
El Sohaimy, S., Abdelwahab, A., Brennan, C., and Aboul-enein, A.; Phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Egyptian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits. Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 9; 2015; 141–147.
Al-Farsi, M., Alasalvar, C., Morris, A., Baron, M., and Shahidi, F.; Comparison of antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and phenolic of three native fresh and sun dried date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties grown in Oman. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry; 2005b; 53: 7592–7599.
Al-Laith, A. A.; Degradation kinetics of the antioxidant activity in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit as affected by maturity stages. Arab Gulf J. Sci. Res.;2009; 27: 16–25.
Al-Turki, S., Shahba, M. A., and Stushnoff, C. J.; Diversity of antioxidant properties and phenolic content of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits as affected by cultivar and location. J. Food Agri. Environ.; 2010; 8: 253–260.
Butera, D.; Tesoriere, L.; di Gaudio, F.; Bongiorno, A.; Allegra, M.; Pintaudi, A.M.; Kohen, R.; Livrea, M.A. Antioxidant activities of sicilian prickly pear ( Opuntia ficus indica ) fruit extracts and reducing properties of its betalains: Betanin and indicaxanthin. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002; 50; 6895–6901.
Chauhan SP, Sheth NR, Jivani NP, Rathod IS, Shah PI. Biological actions of Opuntia species. Syst Rev Pharm. 2011; 1(2): 146- 151.
Costa, H.S., et al.; New nutritional data on traditional foods for European food composition databases. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.;2010; 64 (S3), S73-S81.
El-Samahy S K, El-Hady EAA, Habiba RA, and Moussa TE. Chemical and Rheological Characteristics of Orange-Yellow Cactus-Pear Pulp from Egypt. J. PACD. 2006; 39-51.
Alexandra Dusenberry; 31 Benefits Of Prickly Pear Fruit For Skin, Hair & Health; stylecraze; 2023. https://www.stylecraze.com/articles/benefits-of-prickly-pear-for-skin-hair-and-health