Geological Sources of Arsenic and Cancer Risk Associated with The Metalloid- An Overview

Abstract

Arsenic, a widely prevalent metalloid in the environment, poses significant health risks due to chronic exposure through contaminated water, food, and various human activities. This comprehensive overview highlights the prevalence of arsenic poisoning, particularly in regions like India and Bangladesh, stemming from arsenic-contaminated drinking water. The toxicological impact of chronic arsenic exposure on human health is multifaceted, leading to dermatological, neurological, and organ-related complications. Notably, arsenic exposure has been linked to the development of malignancies such as lung, bladder, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal, and brain cancers. Mechanisms of arsenic-induced carcinogenesis, DNA damage, and associated health conditions are elucidated. Understanding the sources, prevalence, and health impacts of arsenic contamination is crucial for implementing effective mitigation strategies.