Serological Detection of Anti Toxoplasma Antibodies Among Pregnant Diabetic Women in Amedi – Kurdistan Region

Abstract

This study investigated the presence of specific antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii among pregnant diabetic women in comparison with healthy pregnant non diabetic women in Amedia. Overall, 300 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. The studied women were divided in to 2 groups, the first group included 200 pregnant diabetic women. The second group (control group) included 100 healthy pregnant non diabetic women. Diabetes is an important factor that increases susceptibility and risk of various infections in the host. Seropositivity of anti-IgG T. gondii recorded 24.8% among pregnant female with HBA1C ≥ 7 and 15.2% among pregnant female with < 7 while rate of anti- IgM T. gondii showed as 2.5% between pregnant with ≥ 7, moreover rate of anti-IgG T. gondii among healthy pregnant women recorded as 50% with HBA1C ≥ 7 ,10.4% with HBA1C < 7 and 1% seropositive for anti-IgM T.gondii between  control group with HBA1C ≥ 7. In present study rate of anti-IgG T. gondii higher in age group <30 compared with age ≥ 30 while rate of anti-IgM T. gondii were higher in age ≥30 compared with age <30 year. Higher rate of infection found in urban area compared with rural area in both groups. Own -Cat another parameter that showed that most infection occur between patients who have contact or own cat which the main source of infection with toxoplasmosis. Regarding exposure to soil 24% where seropositive for anti- IgG T. gondii and 19,2% where positive among patients no exposure to soil and the results not significant, while anti-IgM T. gondii found 2.7% patients were exposure to soil and 0.8% were seropositive between patients have no exposure to soil and the results statistically significant. Results related to good washing of the vegetables showed that 13% were seropositive for anti-IgG T. gondii and statistically the results were not significant. In the current study the seropositivity of anti-IgG T. gondii between patients who meat consumption half cooked were 11.1% and 12.1% among patients who meat consumption good cooked, also 1.2% seropositive for anti-IgM T. gondii among patients who meat consumption good cooked and results not significant statistically. The rate of seropositive of anti-IgG T. gondii among patients with miscarriage and without miscarriage reported as 7.1%, 12.8% respectively. The statistical difference was not significant, while the rate of seropositive of anti-IgM T. gondii among patients without miscarriage reported as 1.2% and statistically the difference was not significant. It is clear that the rate of seropositivity of anti-IgG T. gondii among illiterate patients were higher (15.4%), while among literate patients were 1.1% and this result was not significant. The rate of seropositive of anti-IgG T. gondii according to occupation which divided in to employee and unemployed showed that 19%, 10 % respectively, the rate of seropositivity of anti-IgM T. gondii among unemployed reported as 1.3% with no significance difference statistically. In conclusion, in the present study some lifestyle variable of patients had a p value < 0.05, including HBA1C ≥7, age, own cat and exposure of soil. This study provided serological evidence of an association between T. gondii infection and pregnant diabetes mellitus., which may help to guide future research, further studies should be conducted to elucidate the role of T. gondii in diabetes mellitus.