Water Quality Effects on Growth Performance and physiological indices of Common Carp Fingerling Fed on Moringa oleifera leaf
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Abstract
The current study was carried out to investigate water quality effects on common Carp Fingerling Fed on dietary supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf on growth performance, approximate carcass compositions and haematological and biochemical parameters in common carp, Cyprinus carpio fingerlings (average weight 27.31 ± 0.04 g) for 12 weeks. Four experimental diets were prepared with supplemented with MOLP at levels of 0 (control diet), T1 (1%MOLP/Kg), (2%MOLP/Kg) and (4%MOLP/Kg). The results showed that all supplemented groups had promising growth, in which significantly improved (P˂0.05) in final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion rate (FCR), feed conversion efficiency (FCE), and protein efficiency rate (PER). Whoever, the dietary treatments had no significant impact (p˂0.05) on ether extract, crude protein, crude ash, moisture, energy, and crude fiber content of the fish. The result of this study had a significant effect on some biochemical blood parameters including CHOL, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL, TP and globulin but there was no significant difference in ALB. Complete blood count of the fish showed a significant (P > 0.05) increase in WBC and RBC, HGB and HCT levels with MOLP varying levels. The MCV of the fish fed 1%MOLP was significantly lower compared to control group, MCHC levels of fish fed 1%MOLP diet were significantly higher than fish fed on the control diet (P > 0.05). The MCH and MPV levels of MOLP diets had no significant difference with the control group (P > 0.05). The PLT levels of fish fed with 2 and 4%MOLP were significantly (P > 0.05) higher than fish fed the control diet. LPCR levels in fish fed with 4% MOLP decreased significantly compared to the control diet (P > 0.05). The study examined the impact of different concentrations of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) on water quality parameters. Results showed temperature variations (31.24°C to 33.50°C) and pH changes (8.20 to 10.30). MOLP changed electrical conductivity (550.12 to 566.10 μS/cm) and total dissolved solids (288.20 to 306.30 mg/L). Dissolved oxygen remained stable at around 8.00 mg/L, while turbidity decreased (6.67±0.84 to 2.08±0.85 NTU). Ion concentrations (Cl, Na, K, Ca, Mg, SO4) fluctuated across MOLP levels. Total alkalinity ranged from 138.76 to 144.62 mg/L. Nitrate levels varied (13.32 to 13.80 mg/L), while nitrite and ammonia levels were low (0.00 to 0.02 mg/L and ~0.05 mg/L, respectively). Total hardness increased (155.05 to 173.71 mg/L) with MOLP, notably at 2% concentration. These findings suggest MOLP's potential in water treatment, warranting further investigation for environmental applications.
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