Toxicological Impact Of Clove Oil (Eugenol) On Channa Punctatus: A Dose-Dependent Analysis Of Histopathological, Histomorphometric, And Biochemical Alterations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/jaz.v46i1.5100Keywords:
Clove oil, eugenol, Channa punctatus, toxicology, histopathology, histomorphometry, oxidative stress, SOD, HSP70, aquacultureAbstract
This study investigates the toxicological impact of clove oil (eugenol) on Channa punctatus, focusing on dose-dependent histopathological, histomorphometric, and biochemical alterations. Fish were exposed to varying concentrations of clove oil (0 mg/L, 5 mg/L, 15 mg/L, and 25 mg/L) for different durations (1 hour, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours). Histopathological analysis revealed dose- and time-dependent neuronal degeneration in the brain, epithelial thickening and lamellar damage in the gills, and inflammation in the suprabranchial cavity. Histomorphometric measurements confirmed these changes, with significant reductions in neuronal cell density, gill epithelial thickness, and suprabranchial cavity volume at higher concentrations. Biochemical assays showed increased HSP70 expression, elevated SOD activity, and decreased total protein content, indicating oxidative stress and cellular damage. The results highlight the neurotoxic and respiratory impairments caused by clove oil exposure, emphasizing the importance of controlling concentration and exposure duration to prevent potential harm in aquaculture practices.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Deepak Varma, Neeraj Kumar, Sandhya Pandey, Dev Brat Mishra, V.K. Tripathi
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