Micronutrient Profiles and Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Syndrome: A Comparative Analysis and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome, a complex condition with multifaceted origins, is closely linked to heightened cardiovascular risk. This investigation focused on the intricate relationship between micronutrient levels, oxidative stress, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and their combined influence on factors contributing to cardiovascular risk. Objectives: The main goal was to examine and contrast the levels of micronutrients and markers of oxidative stress in individuals with MetS against a healthy control group. Additionally, the research sought to analyze novel markers indicative of cardiovascular risk in these cohorts and to determine how these biochemical factors correlate with standard markers of MetS. Methods: In this cross-sectional comparative study, 200 individuals were equally divided into groups of MetS patients and healthy controls at MES Medical College and Hospital in Kerala. The study involved measuring anthropometric variables and assessing serum concentrations of micronutrients like Magnesium, Zinc, and Copper alongside oxidative stress indicators (Malondialdehyde [MDA] and Vitamin C) and newly recognized markers of cardiovascular risk (LpPLA2 and hs-CRP). Established markers of MetS were also evaluated. Results: Individuals with MetS showed notably higher body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference than the control group. Analysis of micronutrients indicated diminished levels of Zinc and Copper in the MetS cohort. Markers of oxidative stress, namely elevated MDA and decreased Vitamin C levels, were observed in the MetS group. Additionally, the MetS patients exhibited increased levels of LpPLA2 and hs-CRP, signaling heightened cardiovascular risk. The research further noted intricate interrelations between these biochemical markers and traditional indicators of MetS.

Conclusion: This research emphasizes the vital link between obesity and metabolic syndrome, highlighting the critical role of micronutrient deficiencies and oxidative stress in the underlying mechanisms of the disease. The increased levels of LpPLA2 and hs-CRP among MetS patients point to a greater risk of cardiovascular complications, underscoring the necessity for an inclusive management approach for MetS. These findings support the integration of micronutrient and oxidative stress evaluation into the routine clinical assessment of MetS, in conjunction with monitoring established and emerging cardiovascular risk markers. Future studies should adopt longitudinal designs to delve deeper into the cause-and-effect relationships and assess the impact of specific interventions targeting these areas.