Evolving Trends in Orthodontics: Clear Aligner Therapy, Bio-mechanical Principles, and Custom Attachments

Abstract

Orthodontic treatment has evolved significantly in recent years, with a growing emphasis on meeting patients' aesthetic demands. Using a series of custom-made plastic aligners, clear aligner therapy has gained popularity for treating mild to moderate malocclusions. This article traces the history of clear aligners, from their initial concept in the 1940s to the advent of computer-aided design (CAD) and 3D printing in the 1990s, exemplified by Align Technology's Invisalign system. While clear aligners offer advantages but have limitations, including their suitability for complex cases, patient compliance requirements, and cost considerations. The bio mechanical principles underlying clear aligner therapy are explored, focusing on two mechanisms: shape moulding, where aligners gradually adjust tooth positions, and using auxiliary elements to improve forecast accuracy. Custom attachments have emerged as a promising innovation to optimize tooth movements, approaching the precision achieved with traditional fixed appliances