Bacterial Biomarkers in the gut of Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Metagenomic analysis- Review article

Abstract

Microbiota within the intestines and the host interact with each other and there by affect the host’s health status, which in turn affects the structure of gut microbiota. With advances in metagenomics, metabolomics and bioinformatics, as well as traditional culturing, the causality and association between gut microbiota of the Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis of gut have been well studied. Our aim was to systematically review the literature on the Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) gut microbiome and its usefulness to provide microbiome-based biomarkers. A review of the online bibliographic database PubMed was carried out. The IBD intestinal microbiome was often characterized by decreased species richness and diversity, as well as decreased temporal stability, whereas alterations in the gut microbiome appeared to play a critical role in determining the start of IBD. Several studies have found that various microbial taxa, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, are enriched or reduced in IBD. The decrease in helpful bacteria and the increase in harmful bacteria are the two key traits in this sense. There were also significant differences between remission and relapse IBD status. Changes in the composition and abundance of the gut microbial community have proven to be useful as diagnostic indicators. The gut microbiota is important in IBD. A deeper understanding of the human gut microbiota could lead to novel targets for illness diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and possibly cure