Exploration of mycorrhizal fungi as potential biofertilizer in the management of plant biotic and abiotic stresses

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are fungi found in the soil and it can significantly enhance plant nutrient uptake and increase resistance to various environmental stresses. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis is the most common non-pathogenic symbiosis in the soil and is found in 80% of vascular plant roots. Most of AM fungi species belong to the sub-phylum Glomeromycotina within the phylum Mucoromycota. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi not only enhance the phosphorus supply to plants but also boost the absorption of zinc, copper, nitrogen and iron. AM fungi limit the uptake of Na and Cl. AM fungal hyphae make significant contributions in enhancing soil structure and its ability to retain water. Additionally, these fungi demonstrate resilience against certain root diseases and display a tolerance to drought conditions. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi serve as crucial endosymbionts, playing a significant role in enhancing plant productivity and contributing to the overall functioning of ecosystems. Their importance is paramount in the context of sustainable crop enhancement.