Exploring the Relationship between Glycemic Control and Lipid Profiles in Lean and Obese Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Stratified by BMI

Abstract

This cross-sectional research's goal was to look into the relationships between lipid profile characteristics and glycemic management in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), stratified by body mass index (BMI).

Methods: 100 participants with T2DM were included in the trial from November 2020 to March 2022, which spanned an 18-month period. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were used to determine glycemic management, and measurements of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides were made for the lipid profile. Lean participants (BMI 25 kg/m2) and obese participants (BMI 30 kg/m2) were divided into two groups. Within each BMI group, statistical analyses, such as t-tests and regression analyses, were carried out to assess the relationships between lipid profile and glycemic control.

Results: In comparison to their obese counterparts (8.5%±1.0%), lean T2DM patients had better glycemic control and lower HbA1c levels (7.2%±0.8%). Lean people, in contrast to obese T2DM patients, had less favourable lipid profiles, as seen by greater levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C but lower levels of HDL-C.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this investigation highlights the nuanced interactions between lipid profiles, glycemic management, and BMI in T2DM patients. Personalised management strategies, considering both glycemic control and lipid profiles, are crucial for optimising the care of T2DM patients, taking into account their BMI. While lean T2DM individuals demonstrated better glycemic control, they also exhibited a potentially higher cardiovascular risk due to less favourable lipid profiles.