Mycosynthesis of Silver-Nanoparticles and their bio efficacy against Spilosoma obliqua (Walker)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/jaz.v43i1.5294Keywords:
Trichoderma ressei, Entomopathogens, Silver-Nanoparticles, Spilosoma obliqua, Biological Pest control, Larvicidal activity.Abstract
Abstract
Background: It is well established that insect pests and most notably, the Spilosoma obliqua is a major hindrance in the agricultural productivity of India, and that the very wide use of synthetic pesticides in agriculture contributes to the development of resistance and the destruction of the environment. Greener chemistry variant, e.g. the production of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using entomopathogenic fungi will be a more environmental-friendlier solution.
Purposes: The purpose of the experiment was (i) to prepare and fully characterize the AgNPs through producing them with the help of the fungus, Trichoderma reesei and (ii) to determine the larvicidal efficiency of the nanoparticles to third, fourth and fifth instar of S. obliqua.
Methods: The growth of T. reesei in a liquid broth medium liquid and subsequent production of extracellular AgNPs through the interaction of culture filtrate with silver nitrate (AgNO 3). The successful fabrication of the nanoparticles was assessed using ultraviolet- visible spectroscopy which showed the presence of a localized surface plasmon resonance peak at 390nm and Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy which showed the presence of functional groups engaged in the reduction and capping processes. The third, fourth and fifth instar larvae were subjected to oral administration by feeding castor leaves sprayed with AgNPs at the concentration levels of 10 it 100mg/ml -1 per each time of 6, 12, or 24 hours. Two-way analysis of variance was performed on mortality data to be carried out with post-hoc test of Dunnett. There was also a complementary topical assay that tested the effectiveness of direct dermal contact. Findings: Spectroscopic analysis helped validate the existence of the desired 390nm plasmon band, whereas FT-IR spectra helped support the presence of biomolecule-containing hexafluorides under tying the nanoparticles. The larval activity was dose- and time-dependent, with a 100mg/ml concentration yielding an approximate of 99 percent of mortality in the third instar, 98 per cent in the fourth instar, and 87 per cent in the fifth instar after 24 hours. The mortality rate of the topical application was approximately 60 0 -150 0 after 24 hours, which made the organ exposure significantly more efficient.
Conclusions: The use of T. reesei makes the economical and environmentally friendly production of AgNPs economical yet effective in terms of larvicidal activities against the oblique insect, S. obliqua. These findings support fungus-mediated AgNPs as potential sustainable biopesticides; non-the less, additional research on them including a larger host spectrum and field-testing is necessary to be used in India in the future.
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