Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125) Levels Among The Female General Population Of Muzaffarabad City Of Azad Jammu And Kashmir State, Pakistan: A Retrospective Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/jaz.v45i6.4966Keywords:
CA-125, correlation of CA 125 with age, distribution of abnormal CA 125 in Azad Kashmir, temporal trends of CA 125, Prevalence of CA 125 positivityAbstract
Background: CA-125 is a widely used biomarker for evaluating various conditions, including malignancies and chronic diseases. Unfortunately, there is a lack of published data on CA-125 levels in the state of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. This study aimed to assess CA-125 levels in women from Muzaffarabad, providing a foundation for future research in this region. Methods: In this retrospective study, data of 103 women were collected from two labs. Their recorded CA-125 levels were categorized as either normal (0.0 to 35.0 IU/mL) or abnormal. Statistical analysis included least squares linear regression to assess the association between age and CA-125 levels, with additional temporal analysis from 2021 to 2024 and geographical distribution between Muzaffarabad, AJ&K and Hazara, KPK. The residuals were tested for normality using Anderson-Darling, D'Agostino-Pearson omnibus test, Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.
Results: The mean CA-125 level among participants was 54.84 ± 10.01 IU/mL, with 32.04% exhibiting abnormal levels. The analysis showed a statistically significant positive association between age and CA 125 levels (p = 0.0020). The regression model indicated that for each additional year of age, CA 125 levels increased by an estimated 2.456 IU/mL. Temporal analysis revealed variable CA-125 levels across different years, with a notable increase in 2024. Geographical comparison showed higher CA-125 levels in Hazara, KPK, compared to Muzaffarabad, AJ&K.
Conclusion: The study's findings align with some literature suggesting a positive correlation between CA-125 levels and age, although the variability in CA-125 levels across age groups and locations highlights the need for further investigation. The significant association of CA-125 levels with age and geographical differences highlights the importance of considering these factors in future research.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Syed Ayaz Kazmi , Abdul Rauf , Rizwan Saeed , Muhammad Zahid Latif , Beenish Shahid , Tasleem Akhtar , Muhammad Zaheer Awan , Noor-ul-ain Fadia , Hassan Abdullah , Javaria Alam , Zeeshan Anjum, Muqaddas Tahir , Salma Farooq
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