Prey and host records of Coccinella spp. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in India (A review)
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Abstract
Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are small soft bodied plant lice, their number rapidly rise above economic threshold level in suitable climatic condition due to parthenogenetic development. They have great agricultural importance due to polyphagism, polymorphism, parthenogenetic viviparity and remarkable ability to transmit various pathogenic viruses. They damage the crops directly by sucking the nutrients that cause devitalisation of plants. Many coccinellids are predators and major biological control agents of hemipteran pests such as aphids, mealy bugs, scale insects, white flies, as well as thrips and mites and other soft bodied insects. Due to predaceous nature, seasonal synchromy with their specific preys, high foraging performance, immense predation potential and high reproductive efficacy, they possess the potential to be effectively employed in Integrated Pest Management. Globally, more than 6000 ladybird beetle species are known to us, out of which, 261 predaceous species belonging to 57 genera reported from India. In biological control programme, several coccinellids predators are reported as effective bioagent against aphids viz., Aphidecta obliterata on Adelges piceae, Cheilomenes lunata on Aphis craccivora, Coccinella sexmaculata on Aphis aurantii and Myzus persicae, Coccinella transversalis on Aphis aurantii and Myzus persicae, Coccinella undecimpunctata on several aphids. In India, 13 species of coccinellids viz., Coccinella krikkeni Iablokoff-Khnzorian, Coccinella lama Kapur, Coccinella luteopicta (Mulsant), Coccinella magnopunctata Rybakow, Coccinella marussii Kapur, Coccinella nigrovittata Kapur, Coccinella repanda Thunberg, Coccinella saucerottei Mulsant, Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, Coccinella transversalis Fabricious, Coccinella transversoguttata Faldermann, Coccinella undecimpunctata Linnaeus and Coccinella undecimpunctata aegyptiaca Reiche are reported. Among these, C. septempunctata and C. transversalis are very common and widely distributed in India.
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