Immunotherapy: A New Generation Treatment For Cancer
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Abstract
Cancer related deaths are increasing nowadays. The use of radiotherapy and chemotherapy are effective but can be limited for their toxicities. Immunotherapy is a less toxic form of cancer treatment that boosts our immunity to fight cancer. Spontaneous reduction of uncontrolled cancerous tumors is now recognized as a rare phenomenon, and immunosuppression is linked to an increased risk of cancer. The immunotherapy of cancer has played a notable role in the few years. It made a lot of cutting-edge and promising new cancer treatments that control the immune system possible. Monoclonal antibodies, cellular immunotherapy, cytokines therapy, immune checkpoint and vaccines become successful therapies for treating hematological cancers in preclinical models, clinical trials and practice. Immune responses to tumors have been shown to be boosted by toll-like receptor agonists. Additionally, T cells, NK cells, and dendritic cells are used in cell-based immunotherapies, which have been developed to treat cancer and tumors. Oncolytic immunotherapy is promoting novel components of cancer immunotherapy. This article reviews recent developments in cancer immunotherapy, as well as novel approaches, ongoing clinical trials, and prospective directions. We also highlight how cancer vaccines, autoimmunity, the tumor micro-environment and metabolomics is aiming to solve those challenges.
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