CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SYSTEM AS A NATURAL TECHNOLOGY TO REMEDIATE WASTEWATER
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Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CW) is a natural technology having eco-friendly technique of treatment of wastewater and it has been applied to various kind of wastewater like industrial wastewater, municipal wastewater, agriculture drainage, acid mine drainage, etc. In last decades, Constructed wetlands are being applied for treating many classes of Pollutants present in wastewater such as heavy metals, textile dyes, pesticides, petroleum hydrocarbons, explosives, radionuclides, etc. This treatment method overcomes the shortcomings of conservative wastewater treatment method as it is a cost-effective, non-intrusive and eco-centric technology.
In addition, an attempt has been taken to project future advances in the field of CW and facilitate these advances by framing key unsolved problems in CW. This review covers the evaluation of the current status-of-the-art of CW technology and provides definitions and performance metric nomenclature in an effort to unify the fast-growing CW community. It also contains an outlook on the emerging trends in CW and proposes future research and development directions. Wetland behavior and efficiency concerning wastewater treatment is mainly linked to macrophyte configuration, substrate, hydrology, surface loading rate, influent feeding mode, microorganism availability, and temperature.
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