Analysis of heavy metal concentration and its bioaccumulation in Gerres filamentosus (Cuvier, 1829) from Ashtamudi Lake, Kollam, Kerala, South India
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Abstract
This study investigates the distribution of heavy metals in Ashtamudi Lake, a significant freshwater ecosystem in South India, and its implications for the health of Gerres filamentosus, a commercially important fish species. Samples were collected from two sites within the lake, and concentrations of Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), and Lead (Pb) were measured in water, sediment, and fish tissues. The results were compared to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines to assess potential risks to human health. The study found that Fe was the most abundant heavy metal in all samples, followed by Zn and Pb. Gill tissues of the fish species had the highest metal accumulation, while muscle tissues had the lowest. While, at site 2, out of the three heavy metals, the concentration of Fe in the muscle tissues exceeded the limit recommended by the WHO. Consequently, prolonged consumption of fish from this region could potentially lead to health risks associated with Fe toxicity. Overall, the findings suggest that Ashtamudi Lake, particularly the second site, is polluted with heavy metals, posing potential risks to both aquatic organisms and human health. The study underscores the importance of environmental protection measures to preserve the health and integrity of this vital ecosystem.
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