Treatment And Mechanisms Of Action Of Some Medicinal Plants For Managing Hypertension

Main Article Content

Raj Kumar Bera
Piyasha Bhadra
Payel Mukherjee
Ashit Dey
Chandrima Dutta
Tripti Pal
Kush Biswas
Dillip Kumar Sahoo

Abstract

Elevated blood pressure is officially referred to as hypertension. It's dangerous because it puts undue strain on the heart and encourages atherosclerosis, which raises the risk of heart disease and stroke. In addition to these conditions, hypertension can cause blindness, kidney damage, and congestive heart failure. Conventional antihypertensive drugs usually have a lot of side effects. Because of their greater body compatibility and less side effects, Herbal remedies are utilised in primary care by between 75 and 80 percent of the world's population who live in impoverished nations. In the past thirty years, a great deal of study has been conducted on native plants that have hypotensive and hypertensive therapeutic properties. While certain medicinal plants have been shown to have antihypertensive and hypotensive properties, others have not. Modern medicine should be integrated with the knowledge of Ayurveda, and more studies are required to verify the effectiveness and elucidate the safety profile of herbal remedies for lowering blood pressure. People with cardiovascular disorders—which can be caused by diseases of the heart and blood vessels are treated using medicinal plants. Hypertension raises the risk of a heart attack and stroke, which also damages the heart and accelerates atherosclerosis. These disorders are treated with a variety of drugs, however standard antihypertensive medications frequently have several side effects. Active substances found in medicinal plants can be used to treat hypertension since they have pharmacological and preventative properties. An overview of medicinal plants with hypotensive or antihypertensive properties can be found in this article.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Raj Kumar Bera, Piyasha Bhadra, Payel Mukherjee, Ashit Dey, Chandrima Dutta, Tripti Pal, Kush Biswas, & Dillip Kumar Sahoo. (2022). Treatment And Mechanisms Of Action Of Some Medicinal Plants For Managing Hypertension. Journal of Advanced Zoology, 43(1), 543–558. https://doi.org/10.53555/jaz.v43i1.4337
Section
Articles
Author Biographies

Raj Kumar Bera

Associate Professor, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bira, Balisha, West Bengal

Piyasha Bhadra

Assistant Professor, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bira, Balisha, West Bengal

Payel Mukherjee

Assistant Professor, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bira, Balisha, West Bengal

Ashit Dey

Assistant Professor, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bira, Balisha, West Bengal

Chandrima Dutta

Assistant Professor, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bira, Balisha, West Bengal

Tripti Pal

Assistant Professor, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bira, Balisha, West Bengal

Kush Biswas

Associate Professor, M.R. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bira, Balisha, West Bengal

Dillip Kumar Sahoo

Principal, Sahajpath College of Pharmacy, Bira, Balisha, West Bengal

References

Al Disi SS, Anwar MA, Eid AH. Anti-hypertensive herbs and their mechanisms of action: part I. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:323.

Wang J, Xiong X. Control strategy on hypertension in Chinese medicine. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012; 2012:284847.

Anwar MA, Al Disi SS, Eid AH. Anti-hypertensive herbs and their mechanisms of action: part II. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:50.

Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM, Adams RJ, Berry JD, Brown TM, et al. heart disease and stroke statistics—2011 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2011;123(4): e18-e209.

Hashemi V, Dolati S, Hosseini A, Gharibi T, Danaii S, Yousefi M. Natural killer T cells in preeclampsia: an updated review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:412-8.

Sinha AD, Agarwal R. Clinical pharmacology of antihypertensive therapy for the treatment of hypertension in CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2019;14(5):757-64.

Singh P, Mishra A, Singh P, Goswami S, Singh A, Tiwari KD. Hypertension and herbal plant for its treatment: a review. Indian J Res Pharm Biotechnol 2015;3(5):358-66.

Rastogi S, Pandey MM, Rawat AK. Traditional herbs: a remedy for cardiovascular disorders. Phytomedicine 2016;23(11):1082-9.

Agrawal M, Nandini D, Sharma V, Chauhan NS. Herbal remedies for treatment of hypertension. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2010;1(5):1-21.

Jacob B, Narendhirakannan RT. Role of medicinal plants in the management of diabetes mellitus: a review. 3 Biotech 2019;9(1):4.

Shayganni E, Bahmani M, Asgary S, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Inflammaging and cardiovascular disease: management by medicinal plants. Phytomedicine 2016;23(11):1119-26.

Kaur R, Khanna N. Pathophysiology and risk factors related to hypertension and its cure using herbal drugs. Spatula DD 2012;2(4):245-56.

Rawat P, Singh PK, Kumar V. Anti-hypertensive medicinal plants and their mode of action. J Herb Med 2016;6(3):107-18.

Lacolley P, Regnault V, Nicoletti A, Li Z, Michel JB. The vascular smooth muscle cell in arterial pathology: a cell that can take on multiple roles. Cardiovasc Res 2012;95(2):194-204.

Sehgel NL, Zhu Y, Sun Z, Trzeciakowski JP, Hong Z, Hunter WC, et al. Increased vascular smooth muscle cell stiffness: a novel mechanism for aortic stiffness in hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013;305(9):H1281-7.

Rostamzadeh D, Razavi SR, Esmaeili S, Dolati S, Ahmahi M, Sadreddini S, et al. Application of nanoparticle technology in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematous. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:1154-63.

Song P, Zou MH. Regulation of NAD(P)H oxidases by AMPK in cardiovascular systems. Free Radic Biol Med 2012;52(9):1607-19.

Zhang Y, Jose PA, Zeng C. Regulation of sodium transport in the proximal tubule by endothelin. Contrib Nephrol 2011; 172:63-75.

Liu C, Huang Y. Chinese herbal medicine on cardiovascular diseases and the mechanisms of action. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:469.

Boskabady MH, Alitaneh S, Alavinezhad A. Carum copticum L.: a herbal medicine with various pharmacological effects. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014:569087.

Kumar K, Sharma YP, Manhas RK, Bhatia H. Ethnomedicinal plants of Shankaracharya Hill, Srinagar, J&K, India. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 170:255-74.

Sharifi AM, Darabi R, Akbarloo N. Study of antihypertensive mechanism of Tribulus terrestris in 2K1C hypertensive rats:role of tissue ACE activity. Life Sci 2003;73(23):2963-71.

Leong XF, Rais Mustafa M, Jaarin K. Nigella sativa and its protective role in oxidative stress and hypertension. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 2013:120732.

Jaarin K, Foong WD, Yeoh MH, Kamarul ZY, Qodriyah HM, Azman A, et al. Mechanisms of the antihypertensive effects of Nigella sativa oil in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2015;70(11):751-7.

Kundu JK, Liu L, Shin JW, Surh YJ. Thymoquinone inhibits phorbol ester-induced activation of NF-κB and expression of COX-2, and induces expression of cytoprotective enzymes in mouse skin in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013;438(4):721-7.

Bartolome AP, Villaseñor IM, Yang WC. Bidens Pilosa L. (Asteraceae): botanical properties, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 2013:340215.

Ladeji O, Udoh FV, Okoye ZS. Activity of aqueous extract of the bark of Vitex doniana on uterine muscle response to drugs. Phytother Res 2005;19(9):804-6. doi: 10.10029. Lee YJ, Choi DH, Cho GH, Kim JS, Kang DG, Lee HS. Arctium lappa ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in rats fed with high fat/cholesterol diets. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012;12:116.

Cheng Y, Zhou M, Wang Y. Arctigenin antagonizes mineralocorticoid receptor to inhibit the transcription of Na/K-ATPase. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016;36(2):181-8.

Prando TB, Barboza LN, Araújo Vde O, Gasparotto FM, de Souza LM, Lourenço EL, et al. Involvement of bradykinin B2 and muscarinic receptors in the prolonged diuretic and antihypertensive properties of Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Micheli. Phytomedicine 2016;23(11):1249-58.

Verma SK, Jain V, Katewa SS. Blood pressure lowering, fibrinolysis enhancing and antioxidant activities of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum). Indian J Biochem Biophys 2009;46(6):503-6.

Lamba A, Oakes AK, Roberts L, Deprele S. The Effects of Crude and Purified Cat’s Claw Extracts on Viability and Toxicity of HeLa Cells. Southern California Conference for Undergraduate Research (SCCUR); 2018.

Siska S, Mun Im A, Bahtiar A, Suyatna FD. Effect of Apium graveolens extract administration on the pharmacokinetics of captopril in the plasma of rats. Sci Pharm 2018;86(1):6.

Ahmad S, Hassan A, Abbasi WM, Rehman T. Phytochemistry and pharmacological potential of Cassia absus - a review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018;70(1):27-41.

Cho YH, Ku CR, Hong ZY, Heo JH, Kim EH, Choi DH, et al. Therapeutic effects of water soluble danshen extracts on atherosclerosis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013; 2013:623639.

Jiang B, Li D, Deng Y, Teng F, Chen J, Xue S, et al. Salvianolic acid A, a novel matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitor, prevents cardiac remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PLoS One 2013;8(3): e59621.

Nyadjeu P, Nguelefack-Mbuyo EP, Atsamo AD, Nguelefack TB, Dongmo AB, Kamanyi A. Acute and chronic antihypertensive effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum stem bark methanol extract in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 2013;13:27.

Irondi AE, Olawuyi AD, Lawal BS, Boligon AA, Olasupo F, Olalekan SI. Comparative inhibitory effects of cocoa bean and cocoa pod husk extracts on enzymes associated with hyperuricemia and hypertension in vitro. Int Food Res J 2019;26(2):557-64.

Ali M, Ansari SH, Ahmad S, Sanobar S, Hussain A, Khan SA, et al. Phytochemical and pharmacological approaches of traditional alternate Cassia occidentalis L. In: Ozturk M, Hakeem KR, eds. Plant and Human Health, Volume 3: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Uses. Cham: Springer; 2019.p. 321-41.

Ramkissoon JS, Mahomoodally MF, Ahmed N, Subratty AH. Antioxidant and anti-glycation activities correlates with phenolic composition of tropical medicinal herbs. Asian Pac J Trop Med 2013;6(7):561-9.

Wu TT, Tsai CW, Yao HT, Lii CK, Chen HW, Wu YL, et al. Suppressive effects of extracts from the aerial part of Coriandrum sativum L. on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Sci Food Agric 2010;90(11):1846-54.

Chen M, Zhao XY, Zuo X. Comparative reproductive biology of Apocynum venetum L. in wild and managed populations in the arid region of NW China. Plant Syst Evol 2015;301(6):1735-45. doi: 10.1007/s00606-014-1192-8

Choi DH, Lee YJ, Kim JS, Kang DG, Lee HS. Cynanchum wilfordii ameliorates hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in rats fed with high fat/cholesterol diets. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012;34(1):4-11.

Moloudizargari M, Mikaili P, Aghajanshakeri S, Asghari MH, Shayegh J. Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Peganum harmala and its main alkaloids. Pharmacogn Rev 2013;7(14):199-212.

Cheraghi Niroumand M, Farzaei MH, Amin G. Medicinal properties of Peganum harmala L. in traditional Iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy: a review. J Tradit Chin Med 2015;35(1):104-9.

Fan QL, Zhu YD, Huang WH, Qi Y, Guo BL. Two new acylated flavonol glycosides from the seeds of Lepidium sativum. Molecules 2014;19(8):11341-9.

Junior AG, Prando TB, Leme Tdos S, Gasparotto FM, Lourenço EL, Rattmann YD, et al. Mechanisms underlying the diuretic effects of Tropaeolum majus L. extracts and its main component isoquercitrin. J Ethnopharmacol 2012;141(1):501-9.

Shouk R, Abdou A, Shetty K, Sarkar D, Eid AH. Mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive effects of garlic bioactives. Nutr Res 2014;34(2):106-15.

Wang HP, Yang J, Qin LQ, Yang XJ. Effect of garlic on blood pressure: a meta-analysis. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2015;17(3):223-31.

Ashraf R, Khan RA, Ashraf I, Qureshi AA. Effects of Allium sativum (garlic) on systolic and diastolic blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Pak J Pharm Sci 2013;26(5):859-63.

Vazquez-Prieto MA, Rodriguez Lanzi C, Lembo C, Galmarini CR, Miatello RM. Garlic and onion attenuates vascular inflammation and oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats. J Nutr Metab 2011; 2011:475216.

Ried K, Frank OR, Stocks NP. Aged garlic extract reduces blood pressure in hypertensives: a dose-response trial. Eur JClin Nutr 2013;67(1):64-70.

Ravichandra VD, Ramesh C, Swamy MK, Purushotham B, Rudramurthy GR. Anticancer plants: chemistry, pharmacology, and potential applications. In: Akhtar MS, Swamy MK, eds. Anticancer Plants: Properties and Application. Singapore: Springer; 2018. p. 485-515.

Akinyemi AJ, Ademiluyi AO, Oboh G. Aqueous extracts of two varieties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) inhibit angiotensin I-converting enzyme, iron(II), and sodium nitroprusside-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat heart in vitro. J Med Food 2013;16(7):641-6.

Akinyemi AJ, Ademiluyi AO, Oboh G. Inhibition of angiotensin-1-converting enzyme activity by two varieties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in rats fed a high cholesterol diet. J Med Food 2014;17(3):317-23.

Kim JH. Cardiovascular diseases and Panax ginseng: a review on molecular mechanisms and medical applications. J Ginseng Res 2012;36(1):16-26.

Rhee MY, Cho B, Kim KI, Kim J, Kim MK, Lee EK, et al. Blood pressure lowering effect of Korea ginseng derived ginseol K-g1. Am J Chin Med 2014;42(3):605-18.

Jovanovski E, Bateman EA, Bhardwaj J, Fairgrieve C, Mucalo I, Jenkins AL, et al. Effect of Rg3-enriched Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) on arterial stiffness and blood pressure in healthy individuals: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Soc Hypertens 2014;8(8):537-41.

Lan J, Zhao Y, Dong F, Yan Z, Zheng W, Fan J, et al. Meta-analysis of the effect and safety of berberine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia and hypertension. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 161:69-81.

Wan X, Chen X, Liu L, Zhao Y, Huang WJ, Zhang Q, et al. Berberine ameliorates chronic kidney injury caused by atherosclerotic renovascular disease through the suppression of NFκB signaling pathway in rats. PLoS One 2013;8(3):e59794.

Koo YE, Song J, Bae S. Use of plant and herb derived medicine for therapeutic usage in cardiology. Medicines (Basel) 2018;5(2):38.

Maulik SK, Banerjee SK. Uses of herbals in cardiac diseases: priority of evidence over belief. In: Mukherjee PK, ed. Evidence-Based Validation of Herbal Medicine. Boston: Elsevier; 2015. p. 515-29.

Asher GN, Viera AJ, Weaver MA, Dominik R, Caughey M, Hinderliter AL. Effect of hawthorn standardized extract on flow mediated dilation in prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive adults: a randomized, controlled crossover trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012; 12:26.

Larson AJ, Symons JD, Jalili T. Therapeutic potential of quercetin to decrease blood pressure: review of efficacy and mechanisms. Adv Nutr 2012;3(1):39-46.

Ahmadipour B, Kalantar M, Hosseini SM, Yang LG, Kalantar MH, Abbas Raza SH, et al. Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) extract in the drinking water of broilers on growth and incidence of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS). Braz J Poult Sci 2017;19(4):639-44.

Baradaran A, Nasri H, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Oxidative stress and hypertension: possibility of hypertension therapy with antioxidants. J Res Med Sci 2014;19(4):358-67.

Lobay D. Rauwolfia in the treatment of hypertension. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2015;14(3):40-6.

Bahem R, Hoffmann A, Azonpi A, Caballero-George C, Vanderheyden P. Modulation of calcium signaling of angiotensin AT1, endothelin ETA, and ETB receptors by silibinin, quercetin, crocin, diallyl sulfides, and ginsenoside Rb1. Planta Med 2015;81(8):670-8.

Sharma P, Sanadhya D. The king of bitters,”Andrographis paniculata”: a plant with multiple medicinal properties. J Plant Sci Res 2017;33(1):117-25.

Awang K, Abdullah NH, Hadi AH, Fong YS. Cardiovascular activity of labdane diterpenes from Andrographis paniculata in isolated rat hearts. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:876458.

Tanaka T, Homma Y, Kawamura Y. Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) vine isoflavone, puerarin, improves weight gain, glucose metabolism and osteoporosis and their biokinetics in ovariectomized mouse. Adv Obes Weight Manag Control 2017;7(3):281-3.

Nam KN, Park YM, Jung HJ, Lee JY, Min BD, Park SU, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of crocin and crocetin in rat brain microglial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2010;648(1-3):110-6.

Mirmiran P, Bahadoran Z, Golzarand M, Rajab A, Azizi F. Ardeh (Sesamum indicum) could improve serum triglycerides and atherogenic lipid parameters in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Iran Med 2013;16(11):651-6.

da Cunha GH, de Moraes MO, Fechine FV, Frota Bezerra FA, Silveira ER, Canuto KM, et al. Vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects of methanolic fraction of the essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet. Vascul Pharmacol 2013;58(5-6):337-45.

Shen XC, Tao L, Li WK, Zhang YY, Luo H, Xia YY. Evidencebased antioxidant activity of the essential oil from Fructus A. zerumbet on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells’ injury induced by ox-LDL. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012; 12:174.

Maity S, Chatterjee S, Variyar PS, Sharma A, Adhikari S, Mazumder S. Evaluation of antioxidant activity and characterization of phenolic constituents of Phyllanthus amarus root. J Agric Food Chem 2013;61(14):3443-50.

Ardalani H, Hassanpour Moghadam M, Rahimi R, Soltani J, Mozayanimonfared A, Moradi M, et al. Sumac as a novel adjunctive treatment in hypertension: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. RSC Adv 2016;6(14):11507-12.

Umar A, Imam G, Yimin W, Kerim P, Tohti I, Berké B, et al. Antihypertensive effects of Ocimum basilicum L. (OBL) on blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2010;33(7):727-30.

Olas B, Bryś M. Is it safe to use Acorus calamus as a source of promising bioactive compounds in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases? Chem Biol Interact 2018; 281:32-6.

Siddiqi HS, Mehmood MH, Rehman NU, Gilani AH. Studies on the antihypertensive and antidyslipidemic activities of Viola odorata leaves extract. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:6.

Li D, Wang R, Huang J, Cai Q, Yang CS, Wan X, et al. Effects and mechanisms of tea regulating blood pressure: evidences and promises. Nutrients 2019;11(5):1115.

Taghizadieh A, Mohammadinasab R, Ghazi Sha’rbaf J, Safiri S. The first description of asthma due to heart conditions in the history of medicine. Chest 2020;158(2):461-3.

Gholami-Ahangaran M, Bahmani M, Zia-Jahromi N. Comparative and evaluation of anti-leech (Limnatis nilotica) effect of olive (Olea europaea L.) with levamisol and tiabendazole. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2012;2 Suppl 1:S101-S3.

Mardani-Nejhad S, Vazirpour M. Ethno-botany of medicinal plants by Mobarakeh’s people (Isfahan). Journal of Herbal Drugs 2012;3(2):111-26.

Baharvand-Ahmadi B, Bahmani M, Tajeddini P, RafieianKopaei M, Naghdi N. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants administered for the treatment of hypertension. J Renal Inj Prev 2016;5(3):123-8.

Khodayari H, Amani SH, Amiri H. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in different regions of Khuzestan province. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants 2015;2(4):12-26.

Bahmani M, Asadi-Samani M. A short look to the most important medicinal plants effective on wound healing. Journal of Injury and Inflammation 2016;1(2):e07.

Moradi MT, Asadi-Samani M, Bahmani M. Hypotensive medicinal plants according to ethnobotanical evidence of Iran: a systematic review. Int J Pharmtech Res 2016;9(5):416- 26.

Most read articles by the same author(s)