Assessment of the environmental aspects and economic importance of the Upper Cretaceous Duwi black shales in Aswan Governorate, Egypt
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Abstract
The economic significance and environmental impact of the Duwi black shale in the Nile Valley district have been investigated through the examination of its geochemistry and mineralogy. Smectite and kaolinite make up the majority of the clay minerals, according to XRD analysis and SEM observations. The average loss on ignition (LOI) values of 22.03% indicate a high concentration of organic materials. The Duwi black shales exhibit significant levels of redox-sensitive metals such as vanadium, uranium, molybdenum, and nickel, as well as other economically valuable elements including copper, lead, and zinc. The presence of Zn, V, Cu, and Cr in black shale was verified through the exceptionally high CF values, which exceeded 6. The PLI readings, being less than one, imply that the shale is unpolluted. In general, the Duwi black shales are categorized as uncontaminated to moderately contaminated with an Igeo value ranging from 0 to 1. The examined samples' organic content ranges from fair to very good petroleum potential, indicating promising oil shales. The analysed samples exhibit HI and OI values, which indicate the presence of gas-oil-prone organic matter and kerogen type III.
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