Molecular Validation of Two New Species of Auricularia from Maharashtra State of India
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Abstract
In the present study, two new records of non-gilled and jelly macrofungi Auricularia novozealandica and A. srilankensis have been described for the first time from the Maharashtra state of India. Genus of edible macrofungi Auricularia, which can be found as farmed or wild mushrooms. Certain species of Auricularia are used as nutrient-dense foods and medicines, with traditional Asian medicine giving them particular importance. Current study was conducted in 2022 and 2023 from the Madheghat and the adjoining area of Velha region of Maharashtra state. In this study, morphological analysis was carried out using visual observations and microscopic observations of the collected two specimens of the genus Auricularia. The specimens from macrofungal samples were identified based on molecular characters. The specimens were recognized based on morphological characters, the identification and validation were carried out through molecular testing. The DNA was extracted, where tissue was homogenized in liquid nitrogen for two minutes and then genomic DNA was recovered from lysis buffer. The nuclear ribosome's Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region was amplified with reference to ITS1 and ITS4 primers using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Phylogenetics, have shown to be significant aids in accurately recognizing these fungi and have revolutionized fungal reclassification Molecular approaches, including nucleotides sequences of ITS region were characterized and compared with already existed sequences in National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). GenBank and relevant literature were consulted to choose reference sequences and an outgroup. The ITS nucleotide sequencing data was used in a phylogenetic analysis to determine the taxonomic placement using BLASTn. After phylogenetic investigation, multiple fungal species were reclassified into other fungi. Accurate identification of the diverse species of fungi requires the use of molecular-based techniques. Thus, understanding macrofungi's biodiversity makes it possible to monitor changes caused by natural and human-caused processes and assess conservation.
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