The Promise of Usefulness of the Evergreen Shrub Cassia Auriculata
Main Article Content
Abstract
The herbal medicines are selecting over modern medicine due to their efficacy, safety, and lesser side effects. Cassia auriculata especially used in Ayurvedic medicine. C. auriculata is commonly known as tanner’s cassia, and it belongs to the family Fabaceae and subfamily Caesalpiniaceae. In various studies, it is reported that Cassia Auriculata contain many phytoconstituents such terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, anthraquinones, saponin, tannins, proteins, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, ester, flavones and fatty acid. The ethnobotanical investigation showed that the Cassia auriculata was used for the various ailments and have many pharmacological properties like antidiabetics, anti-inflammatory, antileprotic, antibacterial, wound healing and many more. This review focused on its whole description, distribution, morphological, microscopical and macroscopical characteristics along with pharmacological activities of Cassia auriculata.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Viswanath J, Cheekavolu C, Dixit R, Sankaraiah S, Leela P, Kumar MN. Pharmacognositcal study of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. and Zingiber officinale ROSC.
Nille GC, Reddy KR. A phytopharmacological review of plant–Cassia auriculata. Int J Pharm Biol Arch. 2015;6(6):1-9.
Muthukumaran P, Elayarani M, Shanmuganathan P, Cholarajan A. Antimicrobial activities of Cassia auriculata L and Morinda tinctoria Roxb. International Journal of Research in Pure and Applied Microbiology. 2011;1(2):9-12.
Patwardhan B, Vaidya AD, Chorghade M. Ayurveda and natural products drug discovery. Current science. 2004 Mar 25:789-99.
Cooper EL. eCAM: clinical analyses and increasing visibility. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2009 Mar 1;6:1-2.
Dey YN, Ota S, Srikanth N, Jamal M, Wanjari M. A phytopharmacological review on an important medicinal plant-Amorphophallus paeoniifolius. Ayu. 2012 Jan;33(1):27.
Baker JT, Borris RP, Carté B, Cordell GA, Soejarto DD, Cragg GM, Gupta MP, Iwu MM, Madulid DR, Tyler VE. Natural product drug discovery and development: new perspectives on international collaboration. Journal of natural products. 1995 Sep;58(9):1325-57.
Dey YN, Ota S, Srikanth N, Jamal M, Wanjari M. A phytopharmacological review on an important medicinal plant-Amorphophallus paeoniifolius. Ayu. 2012 Jan;33(1):27.
Mossi AJ, Mazutti M, Paroul N, Corazza ML, Dariva C, Cansian RL, Oliveira JV. Variabilidade química de taninos e triterpenos em diferentes populações naturais de Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. Ex Reiss. Brazilian Journal of Biology. 2009;69:339-45.
Dutta AC, Dutta TC. Botany for degree students. London: Oxford university press; 1964.
Zhang X, World Health Organization. Traditional medicine strategy 2002 2005.
Samy RP, Ignacimuthu S. Antibacterial activity of some folklore medicinal plants used by tribals in Western Ghats of India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2000 Jan 1;69(1):63-71.
Siva R, Krishnamurthy KV. Isozyme diversity in Cassia auriculataL. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2005 Sep 1;4(8):772-5.
Shafeeq RS, Shekshavali T, Ahamed SN. A Review on Cassia auriculata. Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics. 2018;10(3):141-5.
Thabrew MI, Munasinghe TM, Senarath S, Yapa RM. Effects of Cassia auriculata and Cardospermum halicacabum teas on the steady state blood levels of theophylline in rats. Drug metabolism and drug interactions. 2004 Dec;20(4):263-72.
Juan-Badaturuge M, Habtemariam S, Thomas MJ. Antioxidant compounds from a South Asian beverage and medicinal plant, Cassia auriculata. Food Chemistry. 2011 Mar 1;125(1):221-5.
Kumar RS, Ponmozhi M, Viswanathan P, Nalini N. Effect of Cassia auriculata leaf extract on lipids in rats with alcoholic liver injury. Asia pacific journal of clinical Nutrition. 2002 Jun;11(2):157-63.
Prasanna R, Harish CC, Pichai R, Sakthisekaran D, Gunasekaran P. Anti-cancer effect of Cassia auriculata leaf extract in vitro through cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in human breast and larynx cancer cell lines. Cell biology international. 2009 Feb 1;33(2):127-34.
Gupta AK, Tandon N. Reviews on Indian medicinal plants.
Anandan A, Eswaran R, Doss A, Sangeetha G, Anand SP. Chemical compounds investigation of Cassia auriculata leaves—a potential folklore medicinal plant. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology & Life Sciences. 2011 Dec;1(1):20-3.
Siva R, Krishnamurthy KV. Isozyme diversity in Cassia auriculataL. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2005 Sep 1;4(8):772-5.
Nwangwa EK. Antifertility effects of ethanolic extract of Xylopia aethiopica on male reproductive organ of wistar rats. American Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. 2012;2(1):12-5.
Pari L, Latha M. Antidiabetic activity of Cassia auriculata flowers: Effect on lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin diabetes rats. Pharmaceutical biology. 2002 Jan 1;40(7):512-7.
Shafeeq RS, Shekshavali T, Ahamed SN. A Review on Cassia auriculata. Research Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics. 2018;10(3):141-5.
Yoganandam GP, Gopal V, Thanka J. Aavarai kudineer-A potent polyherbal siddha formulation for management of diabetes mellitus. Int J Pharm Dev Technology. 2014;4:98-103.
Veličković DT, Ranđelović NV, Ristić MS, Veličković AS, Šmelcerović AA. Chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extracts obtained from the flower, leaf and stem of Salvia officinalis L. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society. 2003;68(1):17-24.
Bolton EE, Wang Y, Thiessen PA, Bryant SH. PubChem: integrated platform of small molecules and biological activities. Annu Rep Comput Chem 4: 217–241.
Deshpande HA, Bhalsing SR. Recent advances in the phytochemistry of some medicinally important Cassia species: A review. International journal of pharma medicine and biological sciences. 2013;2(3):60-78.
Meena V, Baruah H, Parveen R. Cassia auriculata: A healing herb for all remedy. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2019;8(3):4093-7.
Jaydeokar AV, Bandawane DD, Bibave KH, Patil TV. Hepatoprotective potential of Cassia auriculata roots on ethanol and antitubercular drug-induced hepatotoxicity in experimental models. Pharmaceutical biology. 2014 Mar 1;52(3):344-55.
Asha Tukappa N, Londonkar RL, CB SK. Standardization of extraction process for Rumex vesicarius L. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research. 2014;5(4):1061-4.
Vedavathy S, Rao KN. Antipyretic activity of six indigenous medicinal plants of Tirumala Hills, Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 1991 May 1;33(1-2):193-6.
Latha M, Pari L. Antihyperglycaemic effect of Cassia auriculata in experimental diabetes and its effects on key metabolic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology. 2003 Jan;30(1‐2):38-43.
Prakash SK. Effects of herbal extracts towards microbicidal activity against pathogenic Escherichia coli in poultry. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 2006;5(3):259-61.
Kalaivani A, Umamaheswari A, Vinayagam A, Kalaivani K. Anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant properties of Cassia auriculata leaves and flowers on alloxan induced diabetic rats. Pharmacologyonline. 2008;1:204-17.
Daisy P, Kani GF. Hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects of Cassia auriculata Linn bark extracts on streptozotocin induced diabetics in male Wister albino rats. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2013;6(2):43-8.
Deshpande HA, Bhalsing SR. Recent advances in the phytochemistry of some medicinally important Cassia species: A review. International journal of pharma medicine and biological sciences. 2013;2(3):60-78.
Nille GC, Reddy KR. A phytopharmacological review of plant–Cassia auriculata. Int J Pharm Biol Arch. 2015;6(6):1-9.
Yoganandam GP, Gopal V, Thanka J. Aavarai kudineer-A potent polyherbal siddha formulation for management of diabetes mellitus. Int J Pharm Dev Technology. 2014;4:98-103.
Nalla S, Goli V, Sabat M, Komati S, Begam MD, Kokkirala VR. Salubrious Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Cassia auriculata Linn., in Streptazotocin-Nicotinamide induced Diabetes in Rat Model. Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2012;2(3):104-6.
Kalaivani A, Umamaheswari A, Vinayagam A, Kalaivani K. Anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant properties of Cassia auriculata leaves and flowers on alloxan induced diabetic rats. Pharmacologyonline. 2008;1:204-17.
Aruna P, Roopa K. Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Cassia auriculatalinn seeds for alloxan induced diabetes in rats. J Pharm Res Opin. 2011;1:30-3.
Yoganandam GP, Gopal V, Thanka J. Aavarai kudineer-A potent polyherbal siddha formulation for management of diabetes mellitus. Int J Pharm Dev Technology. 2014;4:98-103.
Aruna P, Roopa K. Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Cassia auriculatalinn seeds for alloxan induced diabetes in rats. J Pharm Res Opin. 2011;1:30-3.
Daisy P, Feril G, Kani J. Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of various extracts of Cassia auriculata Linn. bark on streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2012;4(4):312-18.
Pari L, Latha M. Antidiabetic activity of Cassia auriculata flowers: Effect on lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin diabetes rats. Pharmaceutical biology. 2002 Jan 1;40(7):512-7.
Senthilkumar PK, Reetha D. Isolation and identification of antibacterial compound from the leaves of Cassia auriculata. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2011 Sep 1;15(9):1034-8.
Anushia C, Sampathkumar P, Ramkumar L. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities in Cassia auriculata. Global Journal of Pharmacology. 2009;3(3):127-30.
Gaikwad SA, Kale AA, Jadhav BG, Deshpande NR, Salvekar JP. Anthelmintic activity of Cassia auriculata L. extracts-in vitro study. J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour. 2011;1(2):62-6.
Deshpande SS, Kewatkar SM, Paithankar VV. Anticlastogenic activity of flavonoid reach extract of Cassia auriculata Linn. on experimental animal. Indian journal of pharmacology. 2013 Mar;45(2):184.
Chakraborthy GS. Evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of Cassia auriculata Linn. Journal of Herbal Medicine and Toxicology. 2009;3(2):111-3.
Nanumala SK, Priyanka BV, Divya N, Shalini S, Singh SS, Haripriya T. Evaluation of antistress activity of Cassia auriculata seed extract. The Journal of Phytopharmacology. 2018;7:207-11.
Ahmed MF, Thayyil H, Rasheed AS, Ibrahim M. Anti-ulcer activity of cassia auriculata leaf extract. Pharmacognosy Journal. 2010 Nov 1;2(16):53-7.
Ahmed MF, Thayyil H, Rasheed AS, Ibrahim M. Anti-ulcer activity of cassia auriculata leaf extract. Pharmacognosy Journal. 2010 Nov 1;2(16):53-7.
Chauhan KN, Patel MB, Valera HR, Patil SD, Surana SJ. Hepatoprotective activity of flowers of Cassia auriculata R. Br. against paracetamol induced liver injury. Journal of Natural Remedies. 2009 Jan 1;9(1):85-90.
SAGAR AK, RAO GD. IN VIVO HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF CASSIA AURICULATA POLYMER NANOSPHERES CONTAINING SILYMARIN.
Jeysiha C, Abilasha D, Thusnavis GR, Kumaresan S, Palanisamy P. A combined study on the Molecular Docking, ADMET Profiling and Anti-tuberculosis Activity of Phytocompounds Obtained from the Barks of Cassia auriculata as Potential Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv) Protein (5HKF).
Esakkirajan M, Prabhu NM, Arulvasu C, Beulaja M, Manikandan R, Thiagarajan R, Govindaraju K, Prabhu D, Dinesh D, Babu G, Dhanasekaran G. Anti-proliferative effect of a compound isolated from Cassia auriculata against human colon cancer cell line HCT 15. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2014 Feb 24;120:462-6.
Garg AN, Singh RA. Antiobesity activity of ethanolic extract of Cassia auriculata in high fat diet induced obese rats. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 2015;7(4):237-43.
Jancy V, Kalaichelvan V, Balakrishnan N. Phytochemical analysis and anti-oxidant activity of various extracts of plant Cassia auriculata. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2020;13(12):6150-5.
Rajendran A, Karthikeyan C. The inhibitive effect of extract of flowers of Cassia auriculata in 2 M HCl on the corrosion of aluminium and mild steel. International Journal of Plant Research. 2012;2(1):9-14.
Sahana R, Kiruba Daniel SC, Sankar SG, Archunan G, Vennison SJ, Sivakumar M. Formulation of bactericidal cold cream against clinical pathogens using Cassia auriculata flower extract-synthesized Ag nanoparticles. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews. 2014 Jan 2;7(1):64-72.
Kumar S. Antipsoriatic activity of Cassia auriculata L. flowers in Freund’s adjuvantformaldehyde induced animal model. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources (IJNPR)[Formerly Natural Product Radiance (NPR)]. 2020 Jun 5;10(4):259-65.
Prasathkumar M, Raja K, Vasanth K, Khusro A, Sadhasivam S, Sahibzada MU, Gawwad MR, Al Farraj DA, Elshikh MS. Phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and wound healing attributes of Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. leaves. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2021 Sep 1;14(9):103345.
Mali AA, Hivrale MG, Bandawane DD, Chaudhari PD. Study of anti-inflammatory activity of Cassia auriculata Linn. leaves in wistar rats. Indian drugs. 2012;49(11):44-7.
Vaidyanathan L, Thanikachalam D, Sivaswamy LT. Evaluation of wound healing potency of Cassia auriculata flower extracts using chick embryo wound model. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res. 2014;27(2):222-7.
Chang SE, Pesek T, Pote TR, Hull J, Geissinger J, Simon AA, Alemi MM, Asbeck AT. Design and preliminary evaluation of a flexible exoskeleton to assist with lifting. Wearable Technologies. 2020;1:e10.
Murugan T, Wins JA, Murugan M. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical constituents of leaf extracts of Cassia auriculata. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2013 Jan;75(1):122.
Anitha R, Subashini R, Senthil Kumar P. In silico and in vitro approaches to evaluate the bioactivity of Cassia auriculata L extracts. IET nanobiotechnology. 2020 May;14(3):210-6.
Puranik AS, Majagi SI, Patil PA. Effect of Cassia auriculata seed extracts on blood glucose and lipids in wistar rats. Int. J. Drug Dev. Res. 2010;2(4):790-8.
Gaikwad SA, Kamble GS, Devare S, Deshpande NR, Salvekar JP. In vitro evaluation of free radical scavenging potential of Cassia auriculata L. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2011;3(4):766-72.
Gaikwad SA, Kale AA, Jadhav BG, Deshpande NR, Salvekar JP. Anthelmintic activity of Cassia auriculata L. extracts-in vitro study. J. Nat. Prod. Plant Resour. 2011;1(2):62-6.
Randive KH, Hiremath RD, Kempwade AA, Patil AA. Cassia auriculata L.: An Ethno Medical Approach in Exploring Anti-solar Efficacy. INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH. 2019 Oct 1;53(4):S678-83.
Guan L, Yang H, Cai Y, Sun L, Di P, Li W, Liu G, Tang Y. ADMET-score–a comprehensive scoring function for evaluation of chemical drug-likeness. Medchemcomm. 2019;10(1):148-57.
Sanguinetti MC, Tristani-Firouzi M. hERG potassium channels and cardiac arrhythmia. Nature. 2006 Mar 23;440(7083):463-9.
Elango H, Ponnusankar S, Sundaram S. Assessment of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interaction of aqueous extract of Cassia auriculata L. and metformin in rats. Pharmacognosy Magazine. 2015 Oct;11(Suppl 3):S423.
Choi YH, Lee U, Lee BK, Lee MG. Pharmacokinetic interaction between itraconazole and metformin in rats: competitive inhibition of metabolism of each drug by each other via hepatic and intestinal CYP3A1/2. British journal of pharmacology. 2010 Oct;161(4):815-29.
Puranik AS, Halade G, Kumar S, Mogre R, Apte K, Vaidya AD, Patwardhan B. Cassia auriculata: Aspects of safety pharmacology and drug interaction. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2011 Jan 1;2011.
Aruna P, Roopa K. Evaluation of antidiabetic activity of Cassia auriculatalinn seeds for alloxan induced diabetes in rats. J Pharm Res Opin. 2011;1:30-3.
Deshpande SS, Kewatkar SM, Paithankar VV. Anticlastogenic activity of flavonoid reach extract of Cassia auriculata Linn. on experimental animal. Indian journal of pharmacology. 2013 Mar;45(2):184.
Kalaivani A, Umamaheswari A, Vinayagam A, Kalaivani K. Anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant properties of Cassia auriculata leaves and flowers on alloxan induced diabetic rats. Pharmacologyonline. 2008;1:204-17.
Chauhan KN, Patel MB, Valera HR, Patil SD, Surana SJ. Hepatoprotective activity of flowers of Cassia auriculata R. Br. against paracetamol induced liver injury. Journal of Natural Remedies. 2009 Jan 1;9(1):85-90.
Hakkim FL, Girija S, Kumar RS, Jalaludeen MD. Effect of aqueous and ethanol extracts of Cassia auriculata L. flowers on diabetes using alloxan induced diabetic rats. Dubai Diabetes and Endocrinology Journal. 2007 Mar 1;15(3):100-6.
Nanjaraj Urs AN, Yariswamy M, Joshi V, Suvilesh KN, Sumanth MS, Das D, Nataraju A, Vishwanath BS. Local and systemic toxicity of Echis carinatus venom: neutralization by Cassia auriculata L. leaf methanol extract. Journal of natural medicines. 2015 Jan;69:111-22.