An Assessment Of Opioid Poisoning

Main Article Content

Geetha Rani Valaparla
B. Mythri
Y. Ujwala
L. Nagalakshmi
M. Ravali
J. Srinivas
N. Ganesh

Abstract

Opioids are commonly used for management of pain. The term opioids include compounds that are extracted from the poppy seed as well as semi synthetic and synthetic compounds. Their regular non-medical use, Prolonged use, misuse and the use without medical supervision can lead to opioid dependence and other health related problems. Opiate dependence is the disorder of regulation of opioid use arising from repeated or continuous use of opioids. In worldwide, about 275 million people or {5.5 percentage of global population aged 15 to 64 yrs.} Used drugs At least once in 2019. Among them about 62 million people used opioids. Opioid use can lead to death due to effects of opioids on the part of the brain which regulates breathing. The number of opioid overdoses has increased in recent years in several countries in part due to the increased use of opioids in the management of chronic pain. Males, People of older age and people with low social economic status are at higher risk of opioid overdose than women. In this article we highlighted about various types of opioids, how it causes effects and symptoms for acute poisoning and chronic poisoning and suggested some of the safety measures and treatment guidelines regarding the opioid overdose condition.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Geetha Rani Valaparla, B. Mythri, Y. Ujwala, L. Nagalakshmi, M. Ravali, J. Srinivas, & N. Ganesh. (2024). An Assessment Of Opioid Poisoning. Journal of Advanced Zoology, 45(2), 65–69. https://doi.org/10.53555/jaz.v45i2.3773
Section
Articles
Author Biographies

Geetha Rani Valaparla

Associate Professor Dept. of Pharmacology A.M. Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy Petlurivaripalem

Narasaraopet Guntur Dt. AP 522601

B. Mythri

A.M. Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy

Y. Ujwala

A.M. Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy

L. Nagalakshmi

A.M. Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy

M. Ravali

A.M. Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy

J. Srinivas

A.M. Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy

N. Ganesh

A.M. Reddy Memorial College of Pharmacy

References

Opioid Overdose Crisis in Canada, Carol Strike, Tara Marie Waston (2019).

Arkell, C.(2018). Harm reduction in action: supervised consumption services and overdose prevention sites. Prevention in focus. Retrievedfrom

http://www.catie.ca/en/pif/fall-2018/harm-reduction-action-supervised-consumption-services -and-overdose -prevention-sites.

Bardwell, G., Boyd, J., Kerr, T., & McNeil, R. (2018). Negotiating space & drug use in emergency shelters with peer witness injection programs within the context of an overdose crisis: A qualitative study. Health & Place, 53, 86–93.

V. Vpillay textbook 2013.

BC Centre for Disease Control (2017). Public health emergency in BC. January 18, Retrieved fromhttp://www.bccdc.ca/about/news-stories/stories/public-health-emergency-in-bc.

Brunt, T. M., &Niesink, R. J. (2011). The Drug Information and Monitoring System (DIMS) in the Netherlands: Implementation, results, and international comparison. Drug Testing and Analysis, 3(9), 621–634.

Cressman, A. M., Mazereeuw, G., Guan, Q., Jia, W., Gomes, T., & Juurlink, D. N. (2017). Availability of naloxone in Canadian pharmacies: A population-based survey. CMAJ Open, 5(4), E779–E784.

Dasgupta, N., Beletsky, L., & Ciccarone, D. (2018). Opioid crisis: No easy fix to its social and economic determinants. American Journal of Public Health, 108(Feb (2)), 182–186.

https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.304187 Epub 2017 Dec 21.

Dubinski, K. (2018). Ontario to keep funding supervised drug consumption sites, health min-ister says. October 22, Retrieved from CBC Newshttp://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/ontario-supervised-drug-consumption-sites-christine-elliott-1.4872595.

Gerein, K. (2017). Alberta approves pilot programs for injectable opioid therapy. Edmonton Journal. November 3, Retrieved from http://edmontonjournal.com/news/politics/albertas-opioid-response-team-to-give-update-today.

research gate.com.

Kerr, T., & Tupper, K. (2017). Drug checking as a harm reduction intervention: Evidence review report Vancouver: British Columbia Centre on Substance Use.

Lavoie, J. (2017). Toronto harm reduction workers open pop-up overdose prevention site. August 14, Retrieved fromtoronto. comhttp://www.toronto.com/community-story.

Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (2018). Health Bulletin: Applications now open for overdose prevention sites. January 11, Retrieved fromhttp://www.health.gov. on.ca/en/news/bulletin/ 2018/hb_20180111.aspx.

WHO (world health organization).

New and Emerging Opioid Overdose, Ralph Foglia, Anna Kline, Nina A. Cooperman(22 April 2021).

Rudd RA, Paulozzi LJ, Bauer MJ, Burleson RW, Carlson RE,Dao D, et al. Increases in heroin overdose deaths—28 states,2010 to 2012. MMWR. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014;63(39):849.

Sehgal N, Manchikanti L, Smith HS. Prescription opioid abuse inchronic pain: a review of opioid abuse predictors and strategies tocurb opioid abuse. Pain Phys. 2012;15(3 Suppl):ES67–92.

Davis C, Carr D. State legal innovations to encourage naloxonedispensing. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2017;57(2):S180–4.

Abouk R, Pacula RL, Powell D. Association between state lawsfacilitating pharmacy distribution of naloxone and risk of fataloverdose. JAMA Intern Med. 2019;179(6):805–11.

Hilton MT. Mixed feelings about naloxone: it saves lives, but atwhat cost. Medscape Emerg Med. 2018.

Friedman SR, West BS, Pouget ER, Hall HI, Cantrell J, TempalskiB, et al. Metropolitan social environments and pre-HAART/HAART era changes in mortality rates (per 10,000 adult residents) among injection drug users living with AIDS. PLoS One.2013;8(2):e57201.

BC Coroners Service. Illicit drug overdose deaths in BC: January1, 2008–December 31, 2018. British Columbia. 2019. Accessedonline 12/6/2020. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/birth-adoption-death-marriage-and-divorce/deaths/coroners-service/statistical/illicit-drug.pdf.

Bardwell G, Boyd J, Kerr T, McNeil R. Negotiating space & druguse in emergency shelters with peer witness injection programswithin the context of an overdose crisis: a qualitative study. Health Place. 2018;53:86–93.

Potier C, Laprévote V, Dubois-Arber F, Cottencin O, Rolland B.Supervised injection services: what has been demonstrated? Asystematic literature review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2014;145:48–68.

Walley AY, Lodi S, Li Y, Bernson D, Babakhanlou-Chase H,Land T, et al. Association between mortality rates and medicationand residential treatment after in-patient medically managed opi-oid withdrawal: a cohort analysis. Addiction. 2020. This is acohort study with a large sample demonstrating a significantbenefit to MOUD after detox vs. detox alone, which could lead to more favorable outcomes for individuals seeking treatment.

Minozzi S, Amato L, Davoli M. Development ofdependence following treatment with opioid analgesics for pain relief: a sys-tematic review. Addiction. 2013;108:688–698.

Akbik H, Butler SF, Budman SH, Fernandez K, Katz NP, Jamison RN. Validation and clinical application of the Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain (SOAPP). J Pain Symptom Manage. 2006;32:287–293.

Zedler BK, Saunders WB, Joyce AR, Vick CC, Murrelle EL. Validation of a screening risk index for serious prescription opioid-induced respiratory depression or overdose in a US Commercial Health Plan Claims Database. Pain Med. 2017 Mar 6 [Epub ahead of print].

Anderson K. Death after treatment for heroin dependence. Pro Talk: a rehabs.com community.

Rockett IR, Hobbs GR, Wu D, et al. Variable classification of drug-intoxication suicides across US States: a partial artifact of forensics? PLoS One. 2015;10:e0135296.

Dowell D, Haegerich TM, Chou R. CDC guideline for prescrib-ing opioids for chronic pain—United States, 2016. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2016;65:1–49.