Plant-based insecticides and their bio-efficacy evaluation against Myzusp persicae on capsicum Plant
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Abstract
This study aimed to formulate plant-based insecticides to control Myzus persicae using essential oils extracted from four plants—Artemisia vulgaris, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Tagetes minuta, and Rosmarinus officinalis—abundantly available in the central Himalayas. The insecticidal efficacy of these essential oils was evaluated using both leaf immersion and residue contact bioassay methods. In the residue contact bioassay, A. vulgaris demonstrated the highest toxicity compared to the leaf dip method, with relative toxicity values of 3.07, 1.97, and 1.17 for A. vulgaris, C. flexuosus, and T. minuta, respectively. In the leaf immersion bioassay, the relative toxicity values were 2.97, 2.64, and 1.34 for the same plants. R. officinalis served as the baseline with a relative toxicity value of one in both bioassays. The order of LC50 at 48 HAE (Hours After Exposure) in the residue contact bioassay was A. vulgaris (0.104) >C. flexuosus (0.166) >T. minuta (0.272) >R. officinalis(0.319%). Similarly, in the leaf immersion bioassay, the order was A. vulgaris (0.161) >C. flexuosus (0.182) >T.minuta(0.358) >R. officinalis (0.481%). While the order of LC50 values remained consistent between the two bioassays, the lower LC50 values in the residue contact bioassay suggest its superiority over the leaf immersion method.
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