Green Criminology and Environmental Criminality in South Asia: A Comprehensive Analysis with Emphasis on India and Neighbouring Nations

Abstract

Environmental crime is harmful to the environment, other creatures, and humanity. Although though it is one of the most widespread and lucrative types of crime, as is the part played by companies in perpetrating these crimes, both of these facts go unnoticed. Traditional criminology is mostly anthropocentric (human-centred), with theories and research focusing on people as both criminals and victims of crime. Green criminology, on the other hand, expands this concept to encompass non-human animals, such as wild, domestic, and farmed animals, as well as the environment (water, land, air, and plants). A more inclusive view of who might be a victim of crime or injury is taken by green criminology in place of a purely anthropocentric one. The section under "Green Criminology and Victimization" follows expands on our discussion of environmental victimization. The purpose of this Research is to discuss various approaches to environmental crime and the growth of green criminality in South Asian countries. In this region, environmental crime is influenced by social and economic factors that result in the use of the environment as a resource for survival as well as economic forces that result in the use of the environment as a resource for profit. Environmental criminals frequently adapt to changing socioeconomic conditions, use various legal loopholes, and take advantage of enforcement and infrastructure weaknesses in South Asian nations, which allows them to conduct environmental offenses without being prosecuted and punished. Green criminology is still in its early stages in many South Asian countries, but it is focusing on issues that have been identified elsewhere, such as multidisciplinary, collaboration with the natural sciences, and addressing local issues like the exploitation of hunting tourism, the deterioration of marine and coastal ecosystems, and organized crime like timber logging.