Time Dependent Inflammatory Changes Ensued in Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is being recognized as outstanding cause of mortality and functional disability worldwide. Besides various secondary cascades, a sequence of inflammatory changes takes place after TBI, whereas TNF-α is found to play a deleterious role in acute pathophysiological phase of TBI. TNF-α is being implicated in succession of other inflammatory pathways, further leads to neurological impairments especially in early stages of TBI. The neuroprotection of Kynurenic acid (endogenous metabolite) and its analogues have been established in experimental models of migraine, Huntington’s and Alzheimer’s disease. In the present study, we evaluated time-dependent neuroprotective effects of Kynurenic acid amide analogue against TNF-α change after traumatic insult in mice. Methodology: The current study included swiss albino mice (25-30 g) mice and KAA was synthesized in our laboratory and analyzed using IR and NMR spectroscopy. Timely (6, 24, 48, 72 h and day 21) TNF-α marker and neuroprotection of KAA against it was reported in brain samples after TBI. Results: Our data showed dose dependent and time dependent decrease in level of TNF-α after administration of KAA (100, 200, 400 mg/kg, i.p.) after 30 minutes of TBI. Conclusion: Our data depicted that KAA induced neuroprotection against TNF-α mediated inflammatory changes and further neurological dysfunctions.
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