Pushing Limits: Exploring Torsemide's Potential Through In-Vitro Mucoadhesive Buccal Delivery Characterization

Abstract

This study focuses on developing and evaluating mucoadhesive buccal tablets containing Torsemide, utilizing HPMC K-100, Xanthan Gum, and chitosan polymers at varying concentrations. Physicochemical parameters were well-maintained according to Indian Pharmacopeia standards. Swelling indices ranged from 201.75% to 241.85% over 8 hours, with suitable tablet pH (6.8-6.9) for buccal administration. Mucoadhesive strengths (18.00-27.33 g) varied with polymer concentration. Batch 6 displayed sustained Torsemide release (73.73% at 8 h), supported by optimized swelling index and mucoadhesive strength. Formulation F6, combining Xanthan Gum and Chitosan, emerged as optimal. Dissolution followed zero-order kinetics, fitting the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, indicating a diffusion-based, non-Fickian mechanism. No Torsemide-excipient interactions were observed through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. This study successfully designed controlled-release mucoadhesive buccal tablets, influenced by polymer behavior and concentration, advancing drug delivery systems.