Seasonal Variation of Trace Metals in Ancient Pond and Its Impact on Morphometry of Claris Batrachus: A Case Study of Varanasi City

Abstract

Varanasi, often termed India's spiritual nucleus, boasts a rich tapestry of historical and ecological elements, most notably its ancient "kunds" or water tanks. These kunds, deeply intertwined with religious ceremonies and local legends, are ecological keystones supporting diverse aquatic life. This study concentrates on five significant kunds: Surya Kund, Ishwarangi Kund, Pishach Mochan Kund, Kurukshetra Kund, and Pushkar Kund. The objective was to assess the seasonal variations of trace metal concentrations in these water bodies and understand their impact on the morphometry of indigenous species, with a spotlight on Clarias batrachus. Preliminary findings indicate fluctuating metal levels, particularly during monsoon months, with corresponding morphological alterations in the observed fish species. Such results accentuate the importance of preserving these ecologically critical and culturally treasured sites against the challenges of urbanization and modern practices in Varanasi.