Anatomical Variations in Mandibular Canal Location: Implications for Prosthodontic Treatment Planning in the South Indian Population

Abstract

The precise understanding of mandibular canal variations is pivotal in ensuring successful prosthodontic treatment planning. This study aimed to investigate anatomical variations in mandibular canal location among the South Indian population and their implications for prosthodontic interventions. Accurate knowledge of the mandibular canal's position is vital in preventing nerve injuries and optimizing dental implant success. With the unique craniofacial features of the South Indian population, it is imperative to examine the prevalence and significance of mandibular canal variations within this context. A comprehensive analysis of 2000 Orthopantomograms (OPGs) from diverse dental clinics across South India was conducted. The cohort comprised varying age groups and both genders. Experienced prosthodontists and anatomists assessed the OPGs to categorize anatomical variations in mandibular canal location. These variations were classified as superior, inferior, or lateral deviations from the conventional canal position. The study revealed a spectrum of anatomical variations in mandibular canal location. Around 30% of cases exhibited superior deviations, positioning the canal closer to the alveolar crest. Approximately 15% demonstrated inferior deviations, locating the canal closer to the lingual cortical plate. Lateral deviations were observed in nearly 10% of cases, indicating a shift from the typical canal path. The prevalence of these variations underscores the critical need for meticulous prosthodontic treatment planning. Superior deviations pose a nerve injury risk during implant placement, while inferior deviations may compromise implant stability. Lateral deviations can lead to surgical complications affecting both nerve integrity and implant success. Understanding anatomical variations in mandibular canal location is indispensable in optimizing prosthodontic interventions. This study's findings emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration and thorough preoperative assessments to ensure patient safety and treatment success. Further research is recommended to comprehensively explore the prevalence and long-term effects of these variations. This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and implications of mandibular canal variations within the South Indian population. Prosthodontic treatment planning should be guided by a thorough understanding of these anatomical deviations to enhance patient outcomes and minimize potential risks