Mitochondrial Sirtuins: Their Role in Different Diseases

Abstract

This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the three mitochondrial sirtuins (SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5). Investigating their structural features, enzymatic activities, target proteins, involvement in diverse illness situations, and the therapeutic modulators created for SIRT3 and SIRT5 are the study's goals. We conducted a thorough literature survey, focusing on works that discussed the biochemical and physiological roles of SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 in the mitochondria. We looked over relevant research papers, reviews, and databases to learn more about their molecular make-ups, enzyme activity, and substrates. Studies indicating their involvement in metabolic pathways, physiological processes, and disease correlations gained considerable attention. Deacetylase activity in SIRT3 affects the TCA cycle, fatty acid oxidation, and glycolysis; SIRT4 affects the amino acids and TCA cycle; and SIRT5's acyl modifications affect the urea cycle, ROS, and glucose oxidation. Therapeutic alternatives are available for both SIRT3 and SIRT5. The review paper emphasizes the crucial functions of SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 in mitochondrial metabolism and their implications in a variety of illness situations in its conclusion. With a better understanding of their roles and potential therapeutic regulation, metabolic disorders, and other associated diseases may be treated. Unlocking the full potential of mitochondrial sirtuins as therapeutic targets will require more research in this area.