Comparative Analysis of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Incidence in Type 2 Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients

Abstract

Stroke is a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, encompassing two primary subtypes: ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a known risk factor for stroke, but its association with stroke subtypes remains complex and not well understood. This study aimed to compare the occurrence of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in T2DM patients and non-diabetic individuals, elucidating potential risk factors and clinical implications. A retrospective observational study was conducted, involving 160 stroke patients divided into two groups: Group 1 (T2DM, n=80) and Group 2 (Non-Diabetic, n=80). Patient records were analyzed to determine stroke subtype (ischemic or hemorrhagic) and relevant clinical variables. Statistical analysis included chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. In Group 1 (T2DM), 56.25% of the patients experienced ischemic strokes, while 43.75% had hemorrhagic strokes. Conversely, in Group 2 (Non-Diabetic), the majority (68.75%) suffered from ischemic strokes, with a lower proportion (31.25%) experiencing hemorrhagic strokes. Importantly, statistical analysis revealed a significant association between the presence of diabetes and the specific subtype of stroke (p < 0.05). Additionally, hypertension was prevalent in both groups, with a slightly higher incidence noted in Group 1 (85.00% vs. 75.00%). Elevated cholesterol levels were a common finding in both groups, although the prevalence was slightly higher in Group 1 (72.50% vs. 65.00%).  T2DM patients exhibit a distinct pattern of stroke subtype distribution, with an increased risk of hemorrhagic strokes compared to non-diabetic individuals. Comprehensive stroke prevention strategies, addressing both ischemic and hemorrhagic risk factors, are essential for managing stroke risk in this population.