Review of fish histopathology as a technique for monitoring the aquatic environment

Abstract

In programmes monitoring the influences of environmental pollutants, pathological alterations are easily employed as powerful "biomarkers" to identify and explain the effects of contaminating chemicals. Researchers can examine specific target organs and cells during in vivo exposure to potentially dangerous, environment-polluting substances using histopathological examinations. In order to provide prognostic evidence of probable for both humans and animals, histopathology may also be employed to identify the precise patterns of acute and chronic detrimental effects on tissues and organs. The main pathogenic changes described in fish exposed to environmental pollutants are given a basic overview and appraisal in this article.