Review on the efficiency of Neem (Azadirachta indica) as a pesticide and its pharmacological importance
Keywords:
Azadirachta indica; Neem; Azadirachtin; Biopesticide; Phytochemicals; Pharmacological Activities; Anticancer Activity; Antimicrobial Activity; Sustainable Agriculture; Nano-formulationsAbstract
*Azadirachta indica* (commonly known as neem) is one of the most valuable medicinal and agricultural plants because of its wide range of biological activities. For centuries, it has been used in traditional medicine as well as farming practices. In recent years, scientific studies have confirmed that neem contains several bioactive compounds with significant pesticidal and therapeutic potential. Among these compounds, azadirachtin has received the greatest attention due to its remarkable ability to control insect pests without causing major harm to beneficial organisms or the environment.
This review discusses the effectiveness of neem as a natural pesticide and highlights its growing importance in modern medicine. It explains how neem compounds interfere with insect growth, feeding behavior, and reproduction, making them useful alternatives to conventional chemical pesticides. In addition, the review summarizes the pharmacological activities of neem, including its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties. The paper also examines current challenges such as poor bioavailability, variation in phytochemical composition, and difficulties in standardizing neem-based products. Finally, recent developments such as nano-formulations and advanced delivery systems are discussed as promising approaches for improving the effectiveness and stability of neem-derived products in both agriculture and healthcare.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Seema Pandey
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