Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical And Invitro, Invivo Anti-Inflammatory Potential Of Ethanolic Extract Of Sarcostemma Brevistigma Stems
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Abstract
A multimillion-dollar boom is achieved every year by the ethnopharmaceutical companies, creating awareness around the globe to use herbal medicines to stay and live a healthy life. Nearly, two-thirds of the plants were discovered for herbal remedies, and some plants are even endangered to get extinct from the globe for their repeated utility. Sarcostemma brevistigma is one among the undiscovered medicinal plants which belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae found distributed in Indian states of Bihar, Bengal, Konkan, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. The objective of this study was to investigate pharmacognostical, phytochemical features and invitro, invivo anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extracts of Sarcostemma brevistigma stems by using human red blood cells (HRBC) membrane stabilization assay, protein denaturation method and formalin-induced paw edema model. The different pharmacognostical parameters were evaluated as per standard protocols with some modifications. Qualitative analysis of various phytochemical constituents was determined by the well-known test protocol available in the literature. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, steroids and triterpenoids, tannins, proteins and amino acid and carbohydrate. The ethanolic extract of the stem of Sarcostemma brevistigma were studied for in vitro anti-inflammatory activity by HRBC membrane stabilization method. Three different concentrations of extract 200µg/ml, 400µg/ml and 600µg/ml were used. Among which extract at concentration 600µg/ml showed 58.20% Inhibition of HRBC in hypotonic solution. All the results were compared with standard diclofenac sodium which showed 68.82% Inhibition at concentration 300µg/ml. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Sarcostemma brevistigma (Stem) in Protein denaturation is found to be 600µg/ml in comparison with diclofenac sodium 300µg/ml. Percentage inhibition of edema by extract containing ethanolic extract in rat’s left hind paw was observed to be 16.92+0.12% at 1 hr. and 26.93+0.16% at 4 hr. All the results were compared with standard voveran emulgel gel. The skin irritation test was conducted for a period of seven days. The results indicated that the control preparation, extract and marketed products did not cause any skin reaction. It can be assured that ethanolic extract of Sarcostemma brevistigma and the excipients did not cause any skin irritation and can be used in the gel formulation. Sarcostemma brevistigma extract showed appreciable anti-inflammatory property. Further analysis is to be carried out to isolate active chemical constituent responsible for anti-inflammatory activity and its mechanism involved
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