Development and Evaluation of Curcumin Loaded Nanoparticles for Treatment of Diabetes

Abstract

A nanometer is one billionth of a metre, hence nanotechnology is an intersection of science, engineering, and technology that works with structures and materials at the nanoscale scale, often in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. Materials frequently display distinctive and innovative features at this scale that are distinct from those at the macroscopic or even microscopic levels. Nanotechnology is the manipulation, design, and control of materials and devices at the nanoscale to produce new products, technologies, and applications. Nanotechnology is essential to the development of tailored medication delivery systems, imaging agents, and diagnostic instruments in medicine. It offers the promise for more targeted treatments that are also less likely to cause negative effects. Since ancient times, turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) has been widely used as a spice and a remedy. Curcumin, a polyphenol that aids in the prevention and management of neurological, pulmonary, cardiovascular, metabolic, inflammatory, and autoimmune illnesses as well as some malignancies, is the primary active component of turmeric. Curcumin does have certain disadvantages, though, including limited water solubility, poor absorption, rapid metabolism, rapid systemic elimination, inadequate bioavailability subpar pharmacokinetics, low stability, and subpar penetration targeting effectiveness. A typical approach is to encapsulate curcumin in nanocarriers for targeted distribution to get over these disadvantages. Concerns have been raised about the degradation of nanocarrier products. In this study, curcumin nanoparticles and nanocurcumin were created without the aid of nanocarriers. To do this, raw turmeric rhizome was soxhlet extracted to obtain curcumin. The stock solutions of various curcumin concentrations made in dichloromethane were sonicated for varying lengths of time and included in boiling water at various flow rates. With 5.00 mg/mL of stock solution concentration, 0.10 mL/min flow rate, and 30 minutes of sonication, an average particle size of 82 04 nm was produced. Particle size seems to decline with sonication time but tends to increase with flow rate and curcumin content in the stock solution. Although nanocurcumins are amorphous, X-ray diffraction reveals crisp and powerful diffraction peaks for curcumin, suggesting its integrity and high crystallinity. The presence of all the functional groups of curcumin in nanocurcumin is confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy spectra. Images obtained using transmission and scanning electron microscopy display the morphology of completely spherical objects.