MORPHOMETRIC INVESTIGATION OF THE SMALL INTESTINAL MUCOSA OF RATS WITH CHRONIC EXPERIMENTAL RENAL INSUFFICIENCY

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to simulate and analyze two distinct uremic syndromes in rats: a chronic uremic syndrome induced by performing a 5/6 nephrectomy and an acute uremic syndrome induced by bilateral nephrectomy. The chronic uremic syndrome in rats exhibited several notable characteristics upon examination of serum and urine samples. Specifically, there were substantial increases in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels, indicative of impaired renal function. Furthermore, these rats displayed biochemical markers consistent with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

            Interestingly, the animals with chronic uremic syndrome displayed pronounced symptoms such as severe polyuria (excessive urine production), proteinuria (presence of excess protein in the urine), and albuminuria (abnormal levels of albumin in the urine). Counterintuitively, the total serum protein levels were found to be elevated in this group. This constellation of findings suggests that the experimental chronic uremic syndrome can be characterized as a state of "extreme adaptation," impacting not only the regulatory functions of the remaining renal tissue but also influencing the overall systemic physiology of the animals.

In contrast, the acute uremic syndrome induced by bilateral nephrectomy in the rats represented a severe disorder affecting water and electrolyte balance. This condition had dire consequences, leading to the demise of the experimental animals within a relatively short timeframe of 50 to 60 hours