SPECTRUM OF SENSITIZATION TO AEROALLERGENS IN PATIENTS FROM THE UPPER CHIRCHIK DISTRICT OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

Abstract

Allergic respiratory diseases caused by hypersensitivity to aeroallergens are the most common manifestation of atopy among children and adults. However, the structure of sensitization in the population depends primarily on the allergenic composition of the air environment. Identification of sensitization is a prerequisite for successful therapy of allergic diseases, while the structure of sensitization may have regional characteristics.

 The purpose of the study: study of the spectrum of sensitization in persons with allergic diseases: allergic rhinitis (AR) varying severity  of bronchial asthma (BA), atopic dermatitis (AtD) in the Upper chirchik district of Tashkent region, which is characterized by a long flowering period of weeds (wormwood, solsola, quinoa) – late August – late November, cereals (Timothyka, foxtail, rye, bluegrass)  grasses –the end of February – the end of July; the duration of flowering is associated with the peculiarities of climatic and geogarphic conditions.

Materials and methods: from January to May 2022, a clinical and allergological examination was performed on 100 patients with allergic diseases: 20 of them were children aged 2-18 years with AR, 12 with intermittent AD, 6 children with AD and 32 adult patients with AR, 13 with AD, 17 with AD. To study the total IgE in blood serum, “Monobyte” test systems manufactured in the USA were used; allergen-specific IgE was determined using “Alcor Bio”test systems manufactured in Russia, standard diagnostic allergens were used for scarification skin testing (NPO Microgen JSC, Stavropol).

Results: In 90.1% of patients, combined sensitization to pollen, household and food allergens was detected, in 6.2% - only to pollen allergens of different groups and in 3.7% - monosensitization to autumn pollen allergens.

Conclusion: The spectrum of sensitization to aeroallergens in the studied area of the Tashkent region is characterized to a greater extent by pollen sensitization in both children and adults with various allergic diseases, and with a predominance of multiple sensitization in all age groups.