Regulation of Antigen Cross-Presentation in Immunity: A Comprehensive Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/jaz.v42i02.5092Keywords:
Antigen, Cross-presentation, MHC-I, Dendritic cells, CD8+ T cellAbstract
Antigen cross-presentation is a specialized process by which dendritic cells (DCs) digest and present external antigens on MHC-I molecules, enabling the activation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) essential for immune defense against infections, malignancies, and intracellular pathogens. Unlike the traditional MHC-I pathway for endogenous antigens, cross-presentation allows recognition of external threats. This complex mechanism involves antigen uptake, processing, trafficking, and MHC-I loading through cytosolic and vacuolar pathways, with scavenger and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) playing key roles. Cytokines and inflammatory signals also influence DC function and cross-presentation efficiency. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is crucial for advancing immunotherapies and vaccines to improve immune response and treatment outcomes.
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