Role Of Bacteria And Their Enzymes In Degradation Of Azo Dyes: A Review
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Abstract
The azo dyes are aromatic compounds containing azo (–N=N–) groups enabling them to be potent in absorbing visible spectrum light. These are considered to be electron-deficient toxic effluents due to the non-biodegradability function allowed through azo linking bonds. The azo bonds make the concerned dye resistant for preventing its degradation by enzymes produced by microorganisms. The most potent enzyme till now found for azo dye reduction is a group of reductase enzyme called azoreductase that facilitate the reaction using some suitable cofactors. Several microorganisms, especially the bacteria are readily used for successful azoreductase enzymes activity in azo dye decolourization. These enzymes are mostly isolated from bacterial cells and are found to be highly effective in case of partial or complete removal of azo dyes. Thus, the reason for the current review relies on a comprehensive systematization of various bacteria those are responsible for production of azoreductase enzymes and their application in azo dye decolourization. This review also compiles different bacterial enzymes responsible for degradation of the toxic azo dyes.
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