Chrono-Geographical Analysis Of Sars-Cov2 Genome Wide Mutations
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Abstract
Since the reporting of the first cases of coronavirus in China and the publication of the first sequence of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019, the virus has undergone numerous mutations. In the present study, we gathered 1,404 SARS-CoV-2 complete genomes from the NCBI and detected the mutations via GISAID. We analysed and annotated all SARS-CoV-2 mutations compared with the reference Wuhan genome NC_045512.2. The S1B domain (333-527) of the spike protein was found the highest mutating region in the entire genome whereas NS6 protein was found the lowest mutating region. Interestingly, no any mutation was detected from NSP11 protein. The D614G from spike protein, T81I from NSP2, A890D from NSP3, L37F from NSP6, P323L from NSP12, Q57H from NS3 and Y73C from NS8 were identified in maximum numbers of SARS-CoV-2 populations from all six continents. Many co-occurring mutations were detected in spike proteins, N proteins and NSP12 proteins. The deletions were only found in S, N, NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, NSP4, NSP6, NS7a and NS7b proteins. The co-occurring deletions were identified only in N, NSP1 and NSP6 proteins. A few insertion mutations were identified in spike proteins and NSP6 proteins. But the high prevalence of stop-codon mutations was detected in spike, NSP6, NS7b and NS8 proteins. Our results provide an in-depth analysis of SARS-COV-2 whole genome which we believe, can shed light in the understanding of SARS-COV-2 pathogenesis and mutation pattern which can aid in the development of prevention methods as well as future research into the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and therapeutic development.
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