Revolutionizing Agriculture With Nanotechnology: Rice-Based Silica Nanoparticles For The Remediation And Quantification Of Toxic Heavy Metals In Potatoes
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Abstract
Today, metal pollution in agricultural soils poses a growing concern due to its potential health risks through the consumption of contaminated plants like potatoes. Heavy metal concentrations in the environment can exceed safe levels due to various human activities, including industrialization, mining, and agricultural practices. Consequently, potatoes and other vegetables may contain toxic heavy metals like Co, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr. Effective removal techniques are needed to mitigate these risks to food safety and human health. In this study, a simple and inexpensive green synthesis method is described to extract mesoporous silica nanoparticles taken from Navsari region “GNR-3 (Gujarat Navsari Rice – 3)” rice using the bottom-up approach for removal of toxic heavy metals contamination present in North Gujarat region Banaskantha district’s special variety potatoes named “KUFRI BADASHAH”. Rice husk (RH) calcinated to obtain rice husk ash (RHA) with high silica purity (>98% wt), as determined by the EDX analysis. Calcination at 650°C for four hours in a box furnace yielded RHA that was devoid of metal impurities and organic matter. The present study defines successfully minimization of toxic heavy metal contamination present in potatoes by employing silica nanoparticles (SNPs) as a biomass adsorbent and also includes all basic characterization of SNPs. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed a broad peak at 2θ≈22.1°C and was free from any other sharp peaks, indicating the amorphous property of the GNR-3 variety rice SNPs. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) showed clusters of spherically shaped uniform aggregates of SNPs while transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated an average particle size of < 50 nm. Peaks in the Fourier transform infrared spectra were found at 1083.29 cm⁻1 and 795.48 cm⁻1, corresponding to O-Si-O symmetric stretching vibration and O-Si-O asymmetric stretching, respectively. The Brunauer-Emmet-Teller, obtained value of 11.1984 m²/g reflects the extent of surface available for adsorption. Concurrently, the pore size, a crucial factor influencing the accessibility of adsorption sites, was measured at 196.202 Å. The specific surface area of 11.1984 m²/g suggests a considerable active surface for potential interactions, respectively. In conclusion, Agriculture waste-derived SNPs (Silver Nanoparticles) offer a compelling solution for the removal of toxic heavy metals from potatoes. This technique is characterized by its simplicity, as it leverages readily available agricultural waste materials, requiring minimal processing.
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