Impact Of Pcb On Kidney Injury Molecules -1 & Regucalcin Mrna Expression In The Kidney And Beneficial Role Of Antioxidant Vitamin C And E
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/jaz.v42i02.5355Keywords:
..................Abstract
PCBs are global environmental contaminants that cause disruption of the endocrine system by increasing free radical production in humans and animals which will cause major disorders. Besides, the human body has several counteract mechanisms for oxidative stress by producing antioxidants - in situ or external supplements like vit C and E. This highlights the potential role of the antioxidants in preventing and repairing damages caused by oxidative stress.
Aim: The study was aimed at assessing the impact of PCB on kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM 1) and regucalcin mRNA expression in kidney tissue and also to study the effect of antioxidant vitamin C and E against PCB.
Method: For this study, Male albino wistar rats weighing 180-200 grams were used. Animals were divided into three groups i.e, control group, PCB induced group, PCB induced VitaminC and E treated group consisting of 6 animals each. At the end of treatment the total RNA isolation was done followed by quantification of RNA, cDNA- reverse transcriptase, Quantitative analysis-real time PCR was done to analyze the mRNA expression levels of KIM-1 and regucalcin. The triplicate analysis results of the experiments performed on control and treated rats were expressed as mean ± SEM. Results were analyzed statistically by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant differences between the mean values were measured using Duncan's multiple range test using Graph Pad Prism version 5. The results with p<0.05 level were considered to be statistically significant.
Downloads
References
1. Babu, S. and Jayaraman, S. (2020) ‘An update on β-sitosterol: A potential herbal nutraceutical for diabetic management’, Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 131, p. 110702.
2. Barma, M. D. et al. (2021) ‘Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans, antioxidant property and cytotoxicity of novel nano-zinc oxide varnish’, Archives of oral biology, 126, p. 105132.
3. Campion, C. G., Sanchez-Ferras, O. and Batchu, S. N. (2017) ‘Potential Role of Serum and Urinary Biomarkers in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Diabetic Nephropathy’, Canadian journal of kidney health and disease, 4, p. 2054358117705371.
4. Chen, F. et al. (2019) ‘6-shogaol, a active constiuents of ginger prevents UVB radiation mediated inflammation and oxidative stress through modulating NrF2 signaling in human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT cells)’, Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology, 197, p. 111518.
5. Dachuri, V. et al. (2020) ‘Protective Effects of Traditional Polyherbs on Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Cell Model by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and MAPK Signaling Pathway’, Molecules, p. 5641. doi: 10.3390/molecules25235641.
6. Everett, C. J., Frithsen, I. and Player, M. (2011) ‘Relationship of polychlorinated biphenyls with type 2 diabetes and hypertension’, Journal of environmental monitoring: JEM, 13(2), pp. 241–251.
7. Ford, E. S. et al. (2003) ‘The metabolic syndrome and antioxidant concentrations: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey’, Diabetes, 52(9), pp. 2346–2352.
8. Gothai, S. et al. (2018) ‘Pharmacological insights into antioxidants against colorectal cancer: A detailed review of the possible mechanisms’, Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 107, pp. 1514–1522.
9. Han, X. et al. (2019) ‘Anticarcinogenic potential of gold nanoparticles synthesized from Trichosanthes kirilowii in colon cancer cells through the induction of apoptotic pathway’, Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology , 47(1), pp. 3577–3584.
10. Ichimura, T. et al. (1998) ‘Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), a putative epithelial cell adhesion molecule containing a novel immunoglobulin domain, is up-regulated in renal cells after injury’, The Journal of biological chemistry, 273(7), pp. 4135–4142.
11. Indumathi, D. et al. (2013) ‘Effect of bisphenol-A on insulin signal transduction and glucose oxidation in skeletal muscle of adult male albino rat’, Human & experimental toxicology, 32(9), pp. 960–971.
12. Johnson, G. W. et al. (1964) ‘Polychlorinated Biphenyls’, Environmental Forensics, pp. 187–225. doi: 10.1016/b978-012507751-4/50032-x.
13. Kadanakuppe, S. and Hiremath, S. (2016) ‘Social and Behavioural Factors Associated with Dental Caries Experience among Adolescent School Children in Bengaluru City, India’, British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, pp. 1–10. doi: 10.9734/bjmmr/2016/24021.
14. Kavitha, M. et al. (2014) ‘Solution combustion synthesis and characterization of strontium substituted hydroxyapatite nanocrystals’, Powder Technology, 253, pp. 129–137.
15. Kim, S.-S., Gallaher, D. D. and Saari Csallany, A. (2000) ‘Vitamin E and probucol reduce urinary lipophilic aldehydes and renal enlargement in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats’, Lipids, pp. 1225–1237. doi: 10.1007/s11745-000-0639-2.
16. Lekha, L. et al. (2014) ‘Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and antibacterial studies of lanthanide(III) Schiff base complexes containing N, O donor atoms’, Journal of molecular structure, 1056-1057, pp. 307–313.
17. Li, Z. et al. (2020) ‘Apoptotic induction and anti-metastatic activity of eugenol encapsulated chitosan nanopolymer on rat glioma C6 cells via alleviating the MMP signaling pathway’, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, p. 111773. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111773.
18. Malaikolundhan, H. et al. (2020) ‘Anticarcinogenic effect of gold nanoparticles synthesized from Albizia lebbeck on HCT-116 colon cancer cell lines’, Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology , 48(1), pp. 1206–1213.
19. Mickymaray, S. et al. (2021) ‘Rhaponticin suppresses osteosarcoma through the inhibition of PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway’, Saudi journal of biological sciences, 28(7), pp. 3641–3649.
20. Misawa, H. and Yamaguchi, M. (2000) ‘Involvement of Hepatic Nuclear Factor I Binding Motif in Transcriptional Regulation of Ca2 -Binding Protein Regucalcin Gene’, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, pp. 270–278. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2275.
21. Murata, T. and Yamaguchi, M. (1998) ‘Ca2 administration stimulates the binding of AP-1 factor to the 5′-flanking region of the rat gene for the Ca2 -binding protein regucalcin’, Biochemical Journal, pp. 157–163. doi: 10.1042/bj3290157.
22. Neelakantan, P. et al. (2015) ‘Antibiofilm activity of three irrigation protocols activated by ultrasonic, diode laser or Er:YAG laser in vitro’, International endodontic journal, 48(6), pp. 602–610.
23. Panduru, N. M. et al. (2015) ‘Kidney injury molecule-1 and the loss of kidney function in diabetic nephropathy: a likely causal link in patients with type 1 diabetes’, Diabetes care, 38(6), pp. 1130–1137.
24. Rajendran, P. et al. (2020) ‘Consumption of reused vegetable oil intensifies BRCA1 mutations’, Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, pp. 1–8.
25. Sahu, D., Kannan, G. M. and Vijayaraghavan, R. (2014) ‘Size-dependent effect of zinc oxide on toxicity and inflammatory potential of human monocytes’, Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A, 77(4), pp. 177–191.
26. Samuel, S. R. (2021) ‘Can 5-year-olds sensibly self-report the impact of developmental enamel defects on their quality of life?’, International journal of paediatric dentistry / the British Paedodontic Society [and] the International Association of Dentistry for Children, 31(2), pp. 285–286.
27. Samuel, S. R. et al. (2021) ‘Dental pain, parental SARS-CoV-2 fear and distress on quality of life of 2 to 6 year-old children during COVID-19’, International journal of paediatric dentistry / the British Paedodontic Society [and] the International Association of Dentistry for Children, 31(3), pp. 436–441.
28. Sathya, S. et al. (2020) ‘An in vitro study on hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] remediation using iron oxide nanoparticles based beads’, Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 14, p. 100333.
29. Shimokawa, N., Matsuda, Y. and Yamaguchi, M. (1995) ‘Genomic cloning and chromosomal assignment of rat regucalcin gene’, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, pp. 157–163. doi: 10.1007/bf01322338.
30. Stackelberg, K. von and von Stackelberg, K. (2011) ‘PCBs’, Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, pp. 346–356. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-444-52272-6.00580-8.
31. Tang, Y. et al. (2021) ‘Osteogenic differentiation and mineralization potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles from Scutellaria baicalensis on human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells’, Materials Science and Engineering: C, p. 111656. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111656.
32. Teja, K. V. and Ramesh, S. (2020) ‘Is a filled lateral canal – A sign of superiority?’, Journal of Dental Sciences, pp. 562–563. doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2020.02.009.
33. Veeraraghavan, V. P., Hussain, S., et al. (2021) ‘A Comprehensive and Critical Review on Ethnopharmacological Importance of Desert Truffles: Terfezia claveryi, Terfezia boudieri, and Tirmania nivea’, Food Reviews International, pp. 1–20. doi: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1889581.
34. Veeraraghavan, V. P., Periadurai, N. D., et al. (2021) ‘Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from aqueous extract of Scutellaria barbata and coating on the cotton fabric for antimicrobial applications and wound healing activity in fibroblast cells (L929)’, Saudi journal of biological sciences, 28(7), pp. 3633–3640.
35. Vijayakumar, G. N. S. et al. (2010) ‘Synthesis of electrospun ZnO/CuO nanocomposite fibers and their dielectric and non-linear optic studies’, Journal of alloys and compounds, 507(1), pp. 225–229.
36. Williams, A. A. et al. (2013) ‘Protective role of lycopene against Aroclor 1254-induced changes on GLUT4 in the skeletal muscles of adult male rat’, Drug and chemical toxicology, 36(3), pp. 320–328.
37. Wu, F. et al. (2019) ‘Biologically synthesized green gold nanoparticles from Siberian ginseng induce growth-inhibitory effect on melanoma cells (B16)’, Artificial cells, nanomedicine, and biotechnology , 47(1), pp. 3297–3305.
38. Yamaguchi, M. (2014) ‘Involvement of Regucalcin in Lipid Metabolic Disorder and Diabetes’, International Journal of Diabetes and Clinical Research. doi: 10.23937/2377-3634/1410003.
39. Yamaguchi, M. et al. (2016) ‘Prolonged survival in pancreatic cancer patients with increased regucalcin gene expression: Overexpression of regucalcin suppresses the proliferation in human pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 cells in vitro’, International journal of oncology, 48(5), pp. 1955–1964.
40. Yamaguchi, M. et al. (2018) ‘Prolonged survival of renal cancer patients is concomitant with a higher regucalcin gene expression in tumor tissues: Overexpression of regucalcin suppresses the growth of human renal cell carcinoma cells in vitro’, International Journal of Oncology. doi: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4611.
41. Yamaguchi, M. (2019) Regucalcin: Metabolic Regulation and Disease.
42. Yamaguchi, M. et al. (2021) ‘Progression-free survival of prostate cancer patients is prolonged with a higher regucalcin expression in the tumor tissues: Overexpressed regucalcin suppresses the growth and bone activity in human prostate cancer cells’, Translational Oncology, p. 100955. doi: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100955.
43. Yang, L. et al. (2015) ‘KIM-1-mediated phagocytosis reduces acute injury to the kidney’, The Journal of clinical investigation, 125(4), pp. 1620–1636.
44. Yang, Z. et al. (2020) ‘Piperine loaded zinc oxide nanocomposite inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway via attenuating the development of gastric carcinoma: In vitroandin vivostudies’, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 13(5), pp. 5501–5516.
45. Yin, Z. et al. (2021) ‘Potential chemotherapeutic effect of betalain against human non-small cell lung cancer through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway’, Environmental toxicology, 36(6), pp. 1011–1020.
46. Zhao, X. et al. (2016) ‘Kidney Injury Molecule-1 Enhances Endocytosis of Albumin in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells’, Journal of cellular physiology, 231(4), pp. 896–907.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Priyanka R, R. Gayathri, J.Selvaraj, V.Vishnu priya, Kavitha.S, Dr.R.Gayathri

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.