Fish Gelatin Detection in Edible’s Bird Nest by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/jaz.v46i2.5308Keywords:
EBN, Gelatin, Fish, DNA, real-time PCRAbstract
Edible’s Bird Nest (EBN) is a nest made from dried bird (Aerodramus fucuphagus) saliva and can be consumed. The process of turning dirt into edible bird’s nest involves a lengthy process, from harvesting in the birds' houses or caves, removing dirt and sand, soaking/washing, removing feathers, reshaping, drying, and heating. In this reshaping process, gelatin can be used as the glue. Gelatin is recovered from collagen by hydrolysis. The resources of gelatin are derived from bovine, porcine, and fish sources. Indonesia is the world's largest exporter of commodities. Each export destination country has its unique requirements. Export destination countries with Muslim consumers require a product to be halal, without porcine material. In contrast, other countries require it to be free from bovine materials or pure, without gelatin. Fish gelatin has advantages as an alternative source for bovine and porcine gelatin substitutes. There is a need for a valid and fast deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) detection method for fish to support the acceleration of exports. This study aims to detect fish DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction and to determine the concentration of fish DNA in gelatin that can be detected by real-time PCR. Fish gelatin EBN samples and positive controls were used in this study. The primer and probe were BLAST primed before use. The results of fish gelatin amplification with graded concentrations from 50 ng/µl to 0.00005 ng/µl, and the detection limit was 0.0005 ng/µl in the presence of gelatin. The analysis of 50 samples and their results revealed that fish DNA was detected in 90% of the EBN samples, with a gelatin spike in 20% and 10%.
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