“A STUDY ON CORELATION MATRIX OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF WATER IN BANSAGAR DAM, SHAHDOL, MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA”

Abstract

The physico-chemical parameter correlation matrix of the Bansagar Dam (Nov.
2014–Oct. 2015) indicates significant relationships between environmental factors affecting the
water quality and productivity of the dam. The air and water temperatures are strongly
correlated, reflecting atmospheric control on the water temperature. Transparency and DO₂
decrease with increasing temperatures, while conductivity, TDS, and alkalinity rise owing to
increased mineral dissolution and evaporation processes.
DO₂ has a positive correlation with transparency but negative correlations with
temperature and conductivity, which shows that more transparent and colder water contains more
oxygen. Conductivity, hardness, and alkalinity are highly correlated, indicating the prevailing
carbonate bicarbonate buffering system. Nutrient parameters (ammonia, nitrate, and phosphate)
have high internal correlations and negative correlations with transparency, which is in line with
nutrient enrichment and eutrophication tendencies.
Reactive silica's negative correlation with ionic parameters suggests biological utilization
or dilution effects, while sodium, potassium, and sulphate suggest geological inputs and
anthropogenic influence. In general, the correlation analysis implies temperature, ionic
concentration, and nutrient enrichment as the principal factors influencing the water quality
dynamics of Bansagar Dam. These interdependencies suggest a mesotrophic to slightly eutrophic
condition with moderate productivity, nutrient enrichment, and significant seasonal fluctuation in
physico-chemical and biological processes.