Advancement of Gene Editing in Millets for Improved Food Security: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/jaz.v43iS1.5132Keywords:
Genome Editing, Site-Specific Recombinase, Site-Specific Nuclease, CRISPR-Cas, TALENS, Qualitative trait locus (QTLs), Whole Genome Sequence (WGS).Abstract
The editing of gene is a new breeding technology, which can modulate DNA sequences at one or more points in the DNA strand. It empowers us to remodel the expression pattern of genes in prearranged region, which accelerates new insights in functional genomics of an organism. Gene editing, harnesses various mechanisms for regulation of genes, and these are predominantly site- specific recombinase (SSR) or site-specific nuclease (SSN) system. The SSN system induces a single or double strand break in the DNA and operates endogenous repair systems in DNA. The SSR technology intervenes in the eukaryotic genome and functions by the elimination or substitution of gene, depending upon the orientation of specific sites, flanking the desired sequence. The advancement of millets using genetic engineering is trailing behind in the comparison of other crops since these cereals are grown in less-developed countries by and large. Millets possess stronger, weather resistance than other cereals as compared to rice and wheat. This review refers to the current state of affairs of genetic engineering in millets and envisions the future of gene editing to develop nutrient rich, and climate sustainable crops.
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